Waste stream reduction and incineration

The Expert Group notes that two processes (cement kiln co incineration and hazardous waste incineration) are already covered in the current draft guidelines on best available techniques and provisional guidance on best environmental practices.

waste to landfill hazardous, non hazardous waste water discharges

(b) Chemical waste incineration lack of facilities

Cement kiln co incineration is the term used in the Basel Convention, while Annex C, part II (b) of the Stockholm Convention refers to cement kilns firing hazardous waste .

Prohibition against introducing hazardous waste

J. Illicit trade in hazardous waste

Waste incineration and air quality are closely correlated. Conscientiously classifying waste is a channel for improving the atmospheric environment.

When adjusting emissions from waste incineration, the applicability of drivers is very limited.

When adjusting emissions from waste incineration, the applicability of drivers is very limited.

(a) Waste incineration technology PCDD and PCDF releases, open burning and forest fires

The largest CH4 emission reductions are expected to emanate from waste management activities reduction of waste disposal in landfills through recycling and waste incineration.

Hazardous waste shipments made without such documents are illegal.

Diversion of waste from landfills to waste to energy plants is usually pursued through voluntary means or economic incentives, though a Swiss regulation requires incineration of all combustible waste.

Definitions for hazardous waste and waste management were necessary and a section on public education was essential.

To date no permits have been issued for the export of hazardous waste to the Philippines or Indonesia since the amendments to the Hazardous Waste Act came into force.

Extensive research and studies were undertaken, resulting in a ban on the importation of hazardous waste and in the publication, in 1992, of five volume study Hazardous Waste in South Africa.

However, efforts by developed nations to provide energy from waste incineration must be opposed as incineration emits large amounts of toxins and other substances harmful to the environment in general and to human beings in particular.

It is reported that many cases of illegal trafficking take the form of the deliberate mixing of hazardous and non hazardous waste.

Wang Shi, manager of a waste incineration plant in Beijing told Xinhua News Agency that more than 2,000 tonnes of trash enter the plant each day after Singles Day , exceeding the treatment capacity of the incineration plant.

State of the art domestic waste incineration facilities which achieve the controlled release of PCDD and PCDF are scarce in the region.

(b) To provide technical information on the establishment of chemical, industrial and domestic waste incineration facilities in each country in the region

An intention of the case study was to see if efficient waste incineration technology could be transferred to countries within the region.

UNEP, The Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals Conventions (2002), http www.gdrc.org uem waste all3 overview.pdf.

Waste management is covered in the action plan 1993 1997, in which targets are set to reduce the overall amount of waste, to reduce the amount of waste entering landfills to 21 per cent of the total amount of waste, to reduce waste incineration to 25 per cent and to recycle 54 per cent of total waste.

The contact group on waste incinerators considered three proposals for restructuring and making more accessible the large volume of complex material in the guidelines relating to waste incineration, and discussed a proposal to produce a companion document to the guidelines, on waste management.

European Union Directives that, as of January 1988, were still awaiting implementation are Directive 85 1210 EEC (concerning lead free petrol), Directive 941 671 EEC (concerning the incineration of hazardous waste), and Directives 80 51 EEC, 83 206 EEC, 89 629 EEC, and 92 14 EEC (all concerning aircraft noise emissions).

Provide detailed methodologies for monitoring, testing and reporting for priority source categories, especially waste incineration,, and cement and, metal manufactures, and pulp and paper production.

Illegal trade in hazardous waste continues to occur in violation of the 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.

In Japan, waste disposal relies mainly on incineration, but use of landfill off the coast made it possible to process the waste more quickly. Even so, disposal of the waste took approximately three years, at a cost to the central government of 324.8 billion.

The illegal transboundary movement of toxic materials and chemicals and hazardous waste also threatens ecosystems and human health.

23. The Commission concluded, therefore, that the only viable option was to treat the mercury waste in an environmentally sound manner by recycling via incineration or roasting.

The report also found that standards for dealing with hazardous waste ranged from responsible and professional to highly unsatisfactory.

Each shipment of hazardous waste or other waste must be accompanied by a movement document from the point at which a transboundary movement begins to the point of disposal.

Man made threats also plague our region, one such being the trans shipment of hazardous waste through the Caribbean Sea.

The discussions resulted in the decision to establish training centres in the field of hazardous waste management in South Africa.

It was difficult to define what was considered as hazardous waste and to specify the nature of the recycling processes.

The reality is that waste has become one of the global public health problems of modern society today, particularly when it comes to hazardous (medical, radioactive, pharmaceutical) and potentially dangerous waste.

Act No. 4 of 1994 on the protection of the environment (articles 29, 31 and 32) prohibits the circulation of hazardous material and waste or the establishment of facilities for the treatment of hazardous waste without permission from the competent administrative authority and the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency.

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal, 22 March 1989, http www.basel.int text documents.html.

46. According to NGOs, the problems pertaining to hazardous waste management in Africa related partly to a fragmented and uncoordinated approach.

The United States has a long record of cooperation with Mexico on environmental issues. Any legal trade in hazardous wastes between the United States and Mexico is governed under a bilateral hazardous waste agreement.

The two organizations will raise awareness of hazardous waste and marine pollution and support one another with technical and legal training.39

South Africa had not yet signed the Basel Convention amendment banning the importation of hazardous waste but intended to do so soon.

Omissions identified by the review team include CO2 emissions from land use change, CO2 from incineration of carbon in waste, N2O from the manufacture of inorganic chemicals and N2O from animal wastes.