Governments can encourage university industry R D linkages by establishing formal institutional relationships.

The European Union will continue its dialogue with the African Union with a view to establishing institutional linkages and defining a comprehensive operational agenda, particularly on peace and security.

The asymmetric flows of technology can be affected by increasing attention to the institutional basis for determining the direction and pace of technological development through linkages with supply chains and production networks.

16. Recommends that the institutional linkages between United Nations gender focal points and focal points on ageing be strengthened in order to enhance the integration of the gender aspects of ageing within the system

Rural urban linkages

5. Encourages the establishment of institutional linkages at the national level between national machineries for the advancement of women and those governmental entities responsible for the development, implementation and coordination of ageing related policies and programmes

For their part, developed countries should inter alia support human and institutional capacity building activities improve market access for developing countries' products organize investment events offer investment insurance guarantees and support the transfer of technology and business linkages.

The strategy of the secretariat towards the promotion of synergies among relevant conventions relies on four main pillars, namely strengthening institutional linkages testing operational options including capacity building initiatives developing common policies and strategies and supporting country driven initiatives.

These include (a) the appropriate balance between capacity development and institutional reform (b) infrastructure and communications (c) the desired method of engagement with the mechanisms of traditional justice and (d) developing effective linkages with police reform and counter narcotics efforts.

53 UNCTAD has assembled a roster of good practices to make linkages work (UNCTAD, Business linkages roster of good practices (Geneva, 2004)).

C. Improving linkages between universities and industry

Networks of private businesses clusters and linkages

Business linkages roster of good practices. Geneva.

(i) Linkages with national science and technology bodies.

In 2005, the UNCTAD Business Linkages Programme continued to focus on developing policy advice on improving the environment for sustainable business linkages, and to implement technical assistance projects to create and strengthen business linkages between TNCs and domestic SMEs in developing countries.

(c) Measuring the linkages between poverty and informal employment

(d) Building on linkages between occupational and public health.

533 (XXV) International linkages (subprogrammes 1, 2 and 3)

Employment creation, enhancement of skill levels and creation of linkages

Employment creation, enhancement of skill levels and creation of linkages

Strengthening linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV AIDS

Such investment will greatly facilitate social, environmental and economic linkages.

Improve linkages between programming, technical assistance, policy work and monitoring.

Institutional framework

Institutional arrangements

Institutional reinforcement.

Institutional structure

Institutional mechanisms

Institutional arrangements

Experts discussed linkages between the different aspects of Annex D of the July package, in particular the linkages between the proposed trade facilitation measures and countries' capacity to implement them.

Linkages between TNCs and SMEs would be important for quick rehabilitation.

Subprogramme 1 Linkages with the global economy, regional integration and cooperation

These will ensure the linkages between repatriation, reintegration, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Third, institutional design.

Brazil s Institutional Limbo

Main institutional support

Institutional capacity development

Therefore, linkages with all relevant entities within each country should be encouraged.

_______________ (2001b). World Investment Report 2001 Promoting Linkages. Sales No. E.01.II.D.

Efforts are under wayongoing to identify more such programmes for future linkages.

Similarly, poverty had important linkages with the phenomena of trafficking and migration.

Institutional and legal framework

Main institutional support 16

Legal and institutional framework

Strengthening the institutional framework.