I don't know if you realize this, but 90 percent of the patients on the transplant list are actually waiting for a kidney.

For the kidney, as I talked to you about the first painting that you saw, the first slide I showed you, 90 percent of the patients on the transplant wait list are waiting for a kidney, 90 percent.

There are 1.8 million new cases of the most serious form of kidney disease renal failure each year. Unless patients with renal failure receive a kidney transplant or undergo dialysis an expensive life long procedure that cleanses the blood of toxins death is guaranteed within a few weeks.

In the front, you see, actually, Joe Murray getting the patient ready for the transplant, while in the back room you see Hartwell Harrison, the Chief of Urology at Harvard, actually harvesting the kidney.

These include kidney inflammation and lesions and increased kidney weight.

But then when that bull stepped on my kidney, you know, I didn't lose my kidney I could have lost my kidney, I kept my kidney, so I don't think I'm a born loser.

Kidney for Sale

In Europe alone it is estimated that approximately 120,000 patients are receiving dialysis treatment and around 40,000 people are waiting for a kidney the waiting list for a transplant, currently about 3 years, is projected to increase to 10 years by 2010.

Anthony Atala Printing a human kidney

Susan Lim Transplant cells, not organs

We can light up tumors like this kidney tumor, so that you can exactly see where the boundary is between the kidney tumor and the kidney you want to leave behind, or the liver tumor and the liver you want to leave behind.

And you know also about lithotripsy breaking kidney stones.

I had kidney cancer growing out of my tongue.

The transplant community has actively campaigned in organ donation.

Charity Tillemann Dick Singing after a double lung transplant

So, we stack these wafers together, using the kidney cells.

I was sitting there kind of unenthusiastically talking with the head transplant surgeon, and I asked him if I needed a transplant, what I could do to prepare.

The testing of donor blood and transplant organs is mandatory.

It turns colors. In this particular case, you're reading kidney function.

What we saw in that kidney was that big blob there.

Very quickly they told me, Kidney cancer is an uncommon disease.

And I saw, Aha, that's the kidney and the soleus muscle.

So, remember I told you about my brother's stem cell transplant.

You can actually see that kidney as it was printed earlier today.

The artificial heart machine, also known as a left ventricular assist device, or LVAD, has been used to keep patients alive until they receive a heart transplant. But there is a shortage of hearts for transplantation, and in the US, LVADs are now being implanted as a long term treatment for heart failure, just as a dialysis machine replaces a kidney.

Now when I look back, the transplant was actually the easiest part.

But not all patients on the transplant wait list are so fortunate.

So, a few years ago, I'm doing my transplant fellowship at Stanford.

NEW HAVEN World Kidney Day, to be held on March 12, is part of a global health campaign meant to alert us to the impact of kidney disease. Sadly, there is little to celebrate.

My doctor wanted me to get on the list for a lung transplant.

And that's where we're failing, and that's where we need the face transplant.

The embargo has affected the programme for treating children needing a liver transplant.

The kidney was indeed the first organ ever to be transplanted to the human.

So in addition to doing the transplant, we had to find out how to get a bacterial chromosome out of the eukaryotic yeast into a form where we could transplant it into a recipient cell.

There's a lower chance of rejection.

Performance prior to continuation or rejection

In the last decade the number of patients waiting for a transplant has doubled.

The face transplant has a role probably in burns patients to replace the skin.

So I was privileged to train in transplantation under two great surgical pioneers Thomas Starzl, who performed the world's first successful liver transplant in 1967, and Sir Roy Calne, who performed the first liver transplant in the U.K.

According to the International Society of Nephrology, kidney disease affects more than 500 million people worldwide, or 10 of the adult population. With more people developing high blood pressure and diabetes (key risks for kidney disease), the picture will only worsen.

And this is the diagram of stage four kidney cancer from the drug I eventually got.

2.22 From 2001, while in prison, the author allegedly experienced extensive suffering provoked by kidney stones.

The old shyness was a fear of rejection.

This is not a life saving transplant like a heart, or liver, or lung transplant it is a quality of life transplant, and as a result, are the patients going to say, if they get a malignant cancer 10 or 15 years on, I wish I'd had conventional reconstructive techniques rather than this because I'm now dying of a malignant cancer ? We don't know yet.

But 20 years on, my patient, Surinder, is Asia's longest surviving cadaveric liver transplant to date.