Determining an optimal level of accountability for results is also challenging.

Second, lack of transparency and a slow paced investigation mechanism have contributed to a poor level of police accountability.

Corruption thrives when the education level is low, civil society is underdeveloped and the accountability of public institutions very weak.

At the level of United Nations entities, the overall responsibility and accountability for gender mainstreaming rests with the heads of the entities.

A number of participants noted that targets could improve monitoring of progress in implementation as well as accountability at the political level.

the importance of capacities as well as decision making power and accountability at the local level the strong guiding provisions at the federal and cantonal level and the subsidiarity principle

At the institutional level, rules, management systems and administrative procedures should require honest reporting, sharing of information and accountability for performance.

Accountability frameworks will become the norm, with lead agencies assuming responsibility for ensuring the delivery of technical support at the country level.

The National Accountability Bureau had achieved significant success in curbing high level corruption and had recovered billions of rupees in illegally obtained money.

And where, at the nation state level that power is held to accountability subject to the rule of law, on the international stage it is not.

Nevertheless, efforts have been undertaken to strengthen the accountability of the system at the operational level, with the designation of lead agencies accountable for various sectors at a country level in any given situation of displacement to the humanitarian coordinator.

The Network had developed a robust security management accountability framework, which had been submitted to the High Level Committee on Management in early October 2005.

In particular, the draft security plan must be approved as soon as possible to confirm the assessment of the necessary security level and ensure that accountability was appropriately assigned.

Noting the hybrid nature of the Operation, and in that regard stressing the importance of ensuring full coordination of efforts between the African Union and the United Nations at the strategic level, unity of command at the operational level and clear delegation of authority and accountability lines,

Accountability

Accountability

All providers of relief assistance should devise concrete mechanisms to enhance the level of accountability to beneficiaries to ensure that the provision of assistance is based on the needs of the affected populations.

Further, many countries, especially at the city level, now practice what is known as the citizens' report card system, a citizen based monitoring and public accountability system.12

Accountability framework

The aim is to ensure that capacities within the sector are strengthened at the regional and global levels, and that accountability and predictability of the response at the field level are enhanced.

It is an issue of accountability.

Clarity in the accountability framework, the decentralization of operational decision making to the field level and close relations between the Department of Safety and Security and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations at the Headquarters level, including appropriate consultation with regard to decision making, are the cornerstones of the new arrangements.

(c) Accountability framework.

The accountability framework

E. Accountability mechanisms

Accountability and oversight

Autonomy and accountability

Accountability and transparency

Transparency and accountability ___________

Accountability and incentives

The revised accountability framework will now be submitted to the High level Committee for Management and then to the United Nations Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) for their review.

Panel 3 Methods and instruments of accountability.

Permanence is the polar opposite of accountability.

Decentralization requires accountability at all levels and corresponding multiple accountability mechanisms elections alone are insufficient.

The policy framework reflects High level Governmental Commitments in five important areas, namely (1) universal access (2) community based health services (3) family planning (4) decentralized management (5) local financial accountability.

Achieving permanence with accountability

The law requires accountability.

Enhancing oversight and accountability

Establish accountability and incentives

Building performance related accountability

C. Transparency and accountability

And the third of these big changes accountability.

Accountability of non State actors will be discussed.

Issues of impunity and accountability remain major concerns.

need to have a higher accountability of funds.