Hi. I'm here to talk about congestion, namely road congestion.

In London, the day they turned the congestion pricing on, there was a 25 percent decrease in congestion overnight, and that's persisted for the four years in which they've been doing congestion pricing.

Road congestion is a pervasive phenomenon.

You really reduce congestion quite substantially.

The first day with the congestion charges looked like this.

This shows public support for congestion pricing of Stockholm, and you see that when congestion pricing were introduced in the beginning of Spring 2006, people were fiercely against it.

They're actually confident that they have liked congestion pricing all along.

They're relieving congestion, and they're frankly starting to save some fuel.

The demand for parking, of course, is down, congestion and the CO2 emissions.

So, the last example of this is congestion pricing, very famously done in London.

Whatever happens with congestion pricing and those technologies will be happening with road pricing.

And let's now look at how we can use this insight to combat road congestion.

So with cities, you also have congestion and pollution and disease and all these negative things.

Congestion pricing is being discussed in every major city around the world and is, again, wirelessly enabled.

The most familiar charge is electric charge.

If you can reduce traffic even somewhat, then congestion will go down much faster than you might think.

This is the last day with the congestion charges, July 31, and you see the same street but now it's summer, and summer in Stockholm is a very nice and light time of the year, and the first day without the congestion charges looked like this.

Traffic congestion caused by tourism can have a serious impact on local quality of life, requiring effective management solutions.

And what congestion pricing is is that it's a technology trial and a psychological trial for something called road pricing.

But what happened when the congestion charges were there is not what you would expect, that people hated it more and more.

Who's in charge?

Battery Charge Graph

Officer in Charge

The UN Takes Charge

Because, of course, the bee thinks he's in charge or she's in charge, but we know better.

The charge of colonialism, meanwhile, is simply reflex colonialism no longer exists. The charge that international law is

We're in charge. It's frightening.

Charge this bill to me.

Officer in Charge of UNCTAD

Accreditation is free of charge.

Impose limits on what credit card companies can charge in interest and on what they can charge in fees.

Now, it turns out the electric charge is actually a combination of two other charges hypercharge and weak charge.

If we spread out the hypercharge and weak charge and plot the charges of particles in this two dimensional charge space, the electric charge is where these particles sit along the vertical direction.

Who's in charge of this section?

This booklet is free of charge.

He's in charge of the department.

I'm in charge of the propaganda.

He laid a charge against her.

By (the horses) that charge snorting,

By (the horses) that charge snorting,

a Includes country office administrative charge

Was compulsory education free of charge?

Health care was free of charge.

Now, congestion charges were introduced in Stockholm on January 3, 2006, and the first picture here is a picture of Stockholm, one of the typical streets, January 2.

Wrong again. It's now six and a half years ago since the congestion charges were introduced in Stockholm, and we basically have the same low traffic levels still.