Consumer prices

a Changes in the consumer price index.

(i) Composite Consumer Price Index (CPI)7

Table 1 Real GDP and consumer prices

Zero inflation for the past three months has been a one time event driven by the fall in energy prices. The other broad components of the consumer price index have increased in recent months, and the consumer price index is up about two percentage points over the past 12 months.

The consumer price index rose only 2.1 per cent in 1997.

(e) To secure reasonable consumer prices of agricultural goods.

One approach centers on prices, with the consumer price index appearing to be the most obvious indicator. The problem is that the relationship between the money supply (which ultimately determines the value of money) and prices is an unstable one.

On July 10, the National Bureau of Statistics released the June 2016 Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI).

Note The average ratio is obtained by dividing index numbers for border prices by the index numbers for world market prices (multiplied by 100) for each year.

Given widespread apathy about changes in consumer prices, the modest success of a new market to hedge inflation risk, the European inflation futures market at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), is noteworthy. Since September, this new market has traded the Eurozone s Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices, or HICP a contract that traders call the hiccup.

Consumer demand has been the main factor responsible for lower prices in retailing.

2 Refers to the national consumer price index for families with incomes not exceeding one minimum wage.

Unsurprisingly, this has exacerbated the fear of deflation, with the consumer price index (CPI) rising by just 0.8 year on year in January, and the annual decline in producer prices steepening, to 4.3 . While these trends are undoubtedly being amplified by plummeting world oil prices, China's core CPI inflation rate (which excludes volatile food and energy prices) was near 1 in January.

The consumer price index in July 2016 compared to June 2016 was 101.0 , i.e. the monthly inflation was 1.0 .

286. The evolution of the consumer prices of basic products is subject to specific monitoring.

Consumer prices in the developed economies rose only 2 per cent on average in 1997.

Note The average ratio is obtained by dividing annual index numbers for producer prices by the annual index numbers for export unit values (multiplied by 100).

(a) A phased approach in the elimination of the 1.5 per cent reduction in the first consumer price index adjustments

Particularly important have been increases in the prices of imported fuel, capital goods and consumer goods.

During the period from 2006 till 2010 the consumer price index and the 25 wage index will be applied to all pensions which will not exceed the amount equal to five times the state social insurance benefit, while as of 2011 50 of the actual increase in the insurance contribution wages will be used in the consumer price wages index.

The in area portion of the post adjustment index of a duty station is updated independently on the basis of the local consumer price index in the country of the duty station.

Based on tables A.9 and A.18 of the World Bank study. The terms of trade changes dealt with in the World Bank study concern the changes in prices received by export crop producers compared with movements of the consumer price index.

Government revenues depend on the value of domestic output, not only consumption. Though lower oil prices depress consumer prices, they should boost production and overall GDP.

Market reform often translates into lower consumer prices which can encourage more consumption and discourage energy efficiency investments.

If one accounts for consumer goods expenditure on imports, that 10 appreciation would lower inflation, as measured by the consumer price index (CPI), by just 0.5 percentage points in the first two quarters. And that is likely to be an upper bound, because it assumes that US retailers will pass through to consumers the full amount of any increase in import prices.

The amounts of pensions shall be increased annually in line with the increase in the national consumer price index for the previous year.

Furthermore, economists now understand inflation as a rise in consumer prices, not as a decline in the value of money resulting from an excessive increase in the money supply. Making matters worse, central banks routinely deny responsibility for any prices other than consumer prices, ignoring that the value of money is reflected in all prices, including commodities, real estate, stocks, bonds, and, perhaps most important, exchange rates.

The result has been a sharp fall in consumer confidence the German index of consumer sentiment was small but positive in November 2000 it has since fallen to 20, the sharpest decline in the euro area.

But claims that China is overheating don t seem to be based on observations of inflation. While China s consumer price index rose 5.3 in the year ending in July 2004, this was due primarily to a spike in food prices both before and since, inflation has been negligible.

The granted pension amount is protected against inflation by regular pension indexation (once a year), taking into account the consumer price index changes and as of 2002 also a certain part of the insurance contribution wage index.

Indeed, although structural adjustment continues in China, the economy is facing an increasingly serious contraction in demand and continued deflation. The consumer price index (CPI) has remained below 2 , and the producer price index (PPI) has been negative, for 44 months.

The Government of Brčko District, in order to protect the families with the lowest incomes, has determined and provided assessments tailored to the consumer price index.

The Committee was informed that the consumer price index (CPI) had increased from 100 in January 1991 to 119 in December 1997 a 19 per cent increase.

c Ratio of the index of free market prices for each group of commodities to that of the export unit value of manufactures.

The producer price index (PPI) has been in negative territory for 39 consecutive months, since February 2012. The growth of China s consumer price index (CPI), though still positive, has also been falling steadily, from 6.5 in July 2011 to 1.2 in May.

The ratio between prices and marginal costs (mark up ratio) is an important indicator of deviations from optimal resource allocation and consumer welfare.

quot (iii) Substantial depreciation of the local currency, combined with non existent, inconsistent or outdated information on the movement of the country apos s consumer price index. quot

The potential changes to the scheme include shifting how the annual inflation based increase in benefits is measured from the retail price index to the lower consumer price index, as well as limiting future increases in pension payments to the minimum required by law.

So it takes into account everything from the pitcher match ups, to the weather, to the team records, in setting prices for the consumer.

Inflation is another concern. With official figures widely discredited, private analysts estimate that consumer prices are rising at an annual rate of 25 or more.

quot (ii) The local currency base amount determined in accordance with subparagraph (a) (ii) above shall be adjusted by the consumer price index movement, in accordance with section H above

Nonetheless, comparisons with world market prices or other international prices are useful, where peak tariffs have reduced a country s imports to minimal levels or have allowed only imports of highest quality and highest priced products which can support such tariff rates and the resulting consumer prices for luxury products.

To overcome that problem, the ICSC secretariat recommended to the Commission in March 1997 that adjustments in the flat rate for boarding be linked to movements in the consumer price index.

After adjustment by the United States consumer price index, the quot real quot rates of return for the two years under review were 5.9 per cent and 18.9 per cent, respectively.