Of course, an earlier attempt was made to create a commercial market in SDR denominated claims. Back in the 1970 s, there was some limited issuance of SDR denominated liabilities by commercial banks and SDR denominated bonds by corporations.

In November 2001, the authorities again restructured the public debt, this time exchanging dollar denominated bonds for domestic guaranteed loans.

The public sector was at the time running a broadly balanced budget, although government expenditure was partly funded by short term dollar denominated bonds (tesobonos).

For the first time ever, in 2004, the Inter American Development Bank issued bonds that are denominated in the currencies of the countries in the region.

In October, Rosneft issued 11 billion worth of ruble denominated bonds (an unparalleled amount for the Russian market, equivalent to 70 of the total value of corporate bonds issued in Russia this year). The coupon on these bonds was actually 1.5 percentage points below sovereign bonds of similar maturity, which is also unusual, especially given that Rosneft currently is subject to Western sanctions.

If China is serious about elevating the SDR to reserve currency status, it should take steps to create a liquid market in SDR claims. It could issue its own SDR denominated bonds.

For example, WIPO's budget is denominated in Swiss francs and UNIDO's regular budget is denominated in euros.

In January 2005, the Argentine Government presented bond holders with a new debt restructuring deal, involving 152 bonds denominated in six different currencies amounting to roughly 82 billion and subject to eight legal jurisdictions.

If rich country central banks can buy long term bonds, then emerging country central banks can buy dollar denominated bonds. Even countries that practice inflation targeting and have otherwise vowed to let their exchange rates float Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Chile, for example have done it, and in large quantities.

Moreover, foreign investors remain reluctant to borrow from Chinese banks in renminbi, or to issue renminbi denominated bonds in Shanghai. That will remain true as long as they fear continued outside political pressure to appreciate.

Jamaica, for example, would issue aluminum bonds Nigeria would issue oil bonds Sierra Leone would issue iron ore bonds and Mongolia would issue copper bonds. Investors would be able to buy Guatemala s coffee bonds, Côte d Ivoire s cocoa bonds, Liberia s rubber bonds, Mali s cotton bonds, and Ghana s gold bonds.

Sierra Leone would issue iron ore bonds and Mongolia would issue copper bonds. Investors would be able to buy Guatemala s coffee bonds, Côte d Ivoire s cocoa bonds, Liberia s rubber bonds, Mali s cotton bonds, and Ghana s gold bonds.

The Japanese government has been able to sell its bonds to domestic buyers because of the high rate of domestic saving. The excess of saving over investment has given Japan a current account surplus, allowing the country to finance all of the government borrowing domestically, with enough left over to invest in dollar denominated bonds and other foreign securities.

While China s government should make greater efforts to rebalance the economy by conventional measures, it also should focus more attention on adjusting the currency structure of the country s gross assets and gross liabilities. In particular, China should try to replace its dollar denominated assets with renminbi denominated assets, and its renminbi denominated liabilities with dollar denominated liabilities.

Select the currency in which this account is denominated.

Renminbi denominated government bonds were issued in London, and plans were laid to create new trading platforms for the currency in several European financial centers. And Chinese policymakers made it abundantly clear how unhappy they would be with a negative decision.

Acquisition security rights include those that are denominated as security rights, as well as those that are denominated as retention of title, arrangements and financial leases.

Bonds

We didn't detach any bonds or reattach any bonds.

b Total public debt denominated in pesos and foreign currency.

Performance bonds

Confederate bonds.

Expenditure on consultants and experts is denominated in both euros and dollars.

Japan s Recovery Bonds

Draw atomic bonds

Show Multiple Bonds

Snap to Bonds

Bonds? Real estate?

And we came up with this idea of issuing bonds, press freedom bonds.

Barrels, Bushels, and Bonds

Create Growth Linked Bonds

The housing bonds system

the bonds were weakening.

Bonds, chattels, dividends, shares

BEIJING While the downgrade of United States government debt by Standard amp Poor s shocked global financial markets, China has more reason to worry than most the bulk of its 3.2 trillion in official foreign reserves more than 60 is denominated in dollars, including 1.1 trillion in US Treasury bonds.

BEIJING While the downgrade of United States government debt by Standard Poor s shocked global financial markets, China has more reason to worry than most the bulk of its 3.2 trillion in official foreign reserves more than 60 is denominated in dollars, including 1.1 trillion in US Treasury bonds.

The authorities will issue 35.2 billion in new securities, comprising 15 billion in par bonds, 11.9 billion in discount bonds and 8.3 billion in quasi par bonds.

UNCCD core budget expenditures denominated in euros include General Service staff salaries, most general administrative expenses, supplies and equipment, joint facilities management costs and travel agents bills (though daily subsistence allowance is denominated in dollars).

Bonds with this light blue molecule, one of the dark blues bonds with the magenta molecule.

The Battle of the Bonds

Bonds Others Equities 301 231a

Bonds. They're all we've saved.

All we have left. Bonds.

What kind of bonds, Pa?

Thus, while a significant proportion of expenditure is denominated in euros, some dollar expenditures remain.