Energy Charter Provisional

(b) The European Social Charter and

The Gazpromization of European Energy Security

The Power of a European Energy Union

European Social Charter (revised), art. A, Part III.

15. European Wind Energy Association, Hemel Hempstead, UK

(a) Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

35. European Wind Energy Association, Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom

62 75. Observer status for the Energy Charter Conference in the General Assembly

Wishing to promote cooperation between the United Nations and the Energy Charter Conference,

1984 1989 Judge at the European Nuclear Energy Tribunal, Paris.

25. The European Social Charter was signed on 18 October 1961.

13. European Business Council For a Sustainable Energy Future, Velp, Netherlands

33. European Business Council for a Sustainable Energy Future, Velp, Netherlands

Copies in English and French of the above mentioned Soering judgement, the European Social Charter and the revised European Social Charter, as well as the publication Children and adolescents, protection within the European Social Charter (Social Charter monographs No. 3), enclosed with the comments submitted by the Council of Europe are available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat.

The C.L.E.F. closely followed the European Charter of Fundamental Rights then being negotiated.

Rather, its component communities the European Community (EC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) have traditionally performed such functions.

See the African Charter, art. 7 the American Convention, art. 9 European Convention, art.

Furthermore, aware of the European Social Charter and the Community Charter on Basic Social Rights of Workers, it defines aims in the field of basic social rights.

The EU is also looking forward to Paris, following the European Council s approval of the European Commission s 2030 framework for climate and energy policies. Targets have been set for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the percentage of renewables in Europe s energy mix, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting electricity interconnection among member states.

Europe certainly needs Russian gas. But Russia needs European consumers, and sooner rather than later it will seek more European investment in energy exploration and extraction.

10. The complaint is initially examined by the Committee of Independent Experts, established under the European Social Charter.

26. He recalled that equality of treatment and non discrimination are the cornerstones of the European Social Charter.

It will coordinate its activities with other international organizations such as the International Energy Agency and the Energy Charter, with a view to ensuring efficient and effective use of resources and avoiding duplication.

On the basis of the case law of the Committee of Independent Experts set up under article 25 of the European Social Charter, article 7, paragraph 2, has recently been amended in the revised European Social Charter, which was opened for signature on 3 May 1996.

In addition, a European Marshall Plan that provides investment in infrastructure, renewable energy, and energy efficiency is needed. Such an initiative would not only foster growth, but would also lower current account deficits (because expensive fossil energy imports could be reduced).

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union establishes the right to a remedy in chapter VI, on Justice.

Europe can help by insisting that Russia participate in the European Energy Charter, which calls for Gazprom to grant its production competitors access to Russian pipelines, and for all disputes to be settled by international arbitration. European competition policy, which successfully brought giant companies like Microsoft into line to promote competition, could help to turn Gazprom into a normal competitor, too.

American Convention on Human Rights, article 7 (1) European Convention on Human Rights, article 5 (1) African Charter on Human and People's Rights, article 6 (1) Arab Charter on Human Rights, article 5.

2. The Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter providing for a system of collective complaints of 1995 (the Collective Complaints Protocol) has now been ratified by two Contracting Parties to the Charter.

At the European regional level, educational rights relating to minority languages are developed at greater length in the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, adopted by the Council of Europe.

Energy companies are beginning to realize this and becoming less resistant to a common European energy policy. That would also serve another shared objective, namely helping to bring climate change under control.

A strategy countermeasures compendium, developed with support from the research programme on nuclear energy of the European Atomic Energy Community, contains countermeasures that have been assessed against a common set of criteria.

It should be noted, however, that the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages does not cover the languages of migrants.

Upon accession to the European Union in 1995, the safeguards agreement between the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), the European Union non nuclear weapon States and IAEA entered into force for Austria and the 1972 safeguards agreement was suspended.

The Committee notes with appreciation the State party s intention to ratify the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities as well as the European Charter on Regional and Minority Languages.

1. Decides to invite the Energy Charter Conference to participate in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly in the capacity of observer

The new Constitution of the European Union (to be ratified by 2006) reaffirms its support to the Charter of the United Nations.

Since the accession of Lithuania to EU, the accounting and control of nuclear materials has been regulated by the European Commission's Regulation on the Application of European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) Safeguards.

The expert replied that there are three levels of protection and that the European Social Charter is general in scope and is not intended only for nationals of member countries of the European Union.

Italy also has a per capita energy consumption which is lower than the EU average and a relatively low level of energy related CO2 emissions per unit of GDP when compared with other European economies.

It would thus make the procedure much more easily accessible than is the case under the European Social Charter and the ILO procedures.

Germany has taken the first step, but the transition to a fully renewable energy based economy must be a common European effort.

DUBLIN One of the top priorities established by European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker ahead of his election last summer was the creation of a European energy union. He was right to do so.

The European Commission, as part of the Johannesburg Renewable Energy Coalition, is sponsoring the development of an innovative public private financing mechanism to enhance access to affordable risk capital by renewable energy business and project developers.