Out of the total area of Bosnia and Herzegovina (5,113,000 hectares), forests and forest land account for 53 per cent (2,700,770 hectares or 0.71 hectares of forest and forest land per capita).

Figure 11 Proportion of land area covered by forest (2004)

For example, pressures to use forest land for agriculture and grazing and to exploit forest products at an unsustainable level may be rooted in poverty and in some places, owners may face pressures to sell forest land for building development.

With regard to community land and forest rights, forest management should be devolved to community control community land and forest ownership should be legalized criteria and indicators for certification should be strengthened and markets should be designed that recognize local rights.

16 Arvind Khare on Strengthening Community Land and Forest Rights for Meaningful Decentralisation.

Large quantities of land, forest and farms are being cut and turned into charcoal.

The reports raise the issue of pastoral land rights from the point of view of access to forest and pastoral land.

The underlying causes of deforestation include the demand on forest land for agriculture, grazing and human settlements the growing demand for timber and forest products and a range of biotic and abiotic factors that adversely affect forest health and vitality.

The impact of fire on forest land can be detected by using remote sensing techniques and GIS.

State owned forests and forest land is 81 per cent and private owned is 19 per cent.

This is all Forest Service land. If you go up on top of those cliffs, that's some of the Long Now land in those trees.

The issue of land rights for those in forest areas was one the Government took very seriously, and a comprehensive land reform exercise was under way.

Increasing pressure on agricultural land due to a growing world population has led to encroachment on forest reserves.

Forest applications include forest area estimation and mapping, forest monitoring, forest fire assessment and forest management.

These experiments are conducted in sectors such as agriculture, stockbreeding, water resources, sanitation, land management, forest protection and energy.

At the global level, the capacity of forests and the amount of land suitable for forest restoration is theoretically sufficient to meet the growing demand for forest products in the near to mid term.

Develop or clarify land use and forest policies, with the involvement of all stakeholders, particularly those at the local level.

Other measures identified by Parties included the planting of high biomass crops, such as sugar cane, soil and watershed conservation, rehabilitation of wetlands, forest research, forest management, bans on bush burning during land clearing and the promotion of fast growing tree species, review of current forest and land management policies, forestry legislation, forestry administration plans and tax incentives for encouraging reforestation, and sand dune stabilization.

Between 1995 and 1997, AOAD carried out training on land management development, forest management, combating forest fires, alfa grass management, environmental protection, sand dune stabilization and geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing in range studies.

As a result of our conservation efforts, Bhutan has successfully maintained 72.5 per cent of its land area under forest cover.

The forest ecosystem and forest resources

At the national level, important developments have included the formulation and implementation of national forest programmes and reforms in national legislation dealing with forests, land use and natural resources, as well as decentralization and the devolution of forest management to communities.

As a result, there is often too little incentive for investment in sustainable forest management when compared with other land uses or other sectors.

(y) Enhance access by households, small scale forest owners, forest dependent local and indigenous communities, living in and outside forest areas, to forest resources and relevant markets in order to support livelihoods and income diversification from forest management, consistent with sustainable forest management.

Forest operations and the forest industry provide employment and income to millions of workers and forest dwellers.

(j) Noting the role of good governance, clear land tenure arrangements and cross sectoral coordination in achieving sustainable forest management and legally sourced timber exports

Promote genuine community based forest management that empowers forest peoples.

While forest biodiversity continues to decline as a result of deforestation, forest degradation and associated fragmentation of forest habitats, strong efforts are now being made to reverse this trend by restoring the forest functions in degraded forest landscapes.

Disincentives can arise from policies that increase the opportunity cost of forest land, in particular for agriculture or development insufficient integration of sustainable forest management issues into national, sectoral, regional and local development plans, including national poverty reduction strategies restrictions on rent capture and other perverse incentives, such as taxation policies inadequate law enforcement and unclear land tenure and property rights.

Several reports stress the need for better water management for the rehabilitation of developed land, combined with the management of pastoral and agricultural forest pastoral lands.

C. Greater recognition of sustainable forest management and forest products trade

According to official data, 34 per cent of the land was covered in forest in 1991 and in 2004, the percentage had risen to 40 per cent.

In many countries, customary laws and practices allow women to access land and enable them to engage in and benefit from agricultural, livestock and forest based production.

Forest fiscal reform provides opportunities to increase revenues generated from forest resources.

MANILA Every year, forest fires ravage Indonesia, causing massive environmental, social, and economic devastation. This year s fires are the largest in nearly 20 years, destroying three million hectares of land and causing an estimated 14 billion in losses related to agriculture, forest degradation, health, transportation, and tourism.

However, they are likely to differ in forest rich and forest poor countries.

Forests and terrestrial ecosystems Forest management and conservation were seen by several Parties as important to protect watersheds, combat land degradation and desertification, preserve species and sequester carbon.

2quater Non timber forest products mean goods of biological origin other than wood that are derived from forests, other wooded land and trees outside forests excluding genetic resources

Reverse the loss of forest cover worldwide through sustainable forest management, including protection, restoration, afforestation and reforestation, and increase efforts to prevent forest degradation

The keeper has just one year left on his Forest contract and it has been reported Celtic will only have to pay a nominal fee to land his signature.

Here's Danny Hillis in the midst of a bristlecone pine forest on Long Now land. I should say that the age of bristlecones was discovered, led by a theory.

The prophet Gad said to David, Don't stay in the stronghold. Depart, and go into the land of Judah. Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hereth.

The prophet Gad said to David, Don't stay in the stronghold. Depart, and go into the land of Judah. Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hereth.

Sustainable forest management

Forest Research Institute