(e) Price volatility

Security problems and disruptions in production also increased price volatility.

Producing countries have also tried to contain price volatility by forming international cartels. But these have seldom worked.

Speaking of risk, we have seen that price volatility of food crops in Africa is the highest in the world.

Recent global economic trends called for major policy initiatives, for example for export diversification, investment in infrastructure and control of price volatility.

UNCTAD is also actively working on issues related to the impact of oil price volatility on African oil importing and oil exporting countries.

CAMBRIDGE Under French President Nicolas Sarkozy s leadership, the G 20 has made addressing food price volatility a top priority this year, with member states agriculture ministers meeting recently in Paris to come up with solutions. Small wonder world food prices reached a record high earlier in the year, recalling a similar price spike in 2008.

The Ethical Cost of High Price Art

You can get a Mercedes for a very high price, very high performance.

Strawberries sell for a high price in the winter.

One production is too low. Two price is too high.

It's sort of fashionable, but the price is too high!

Protectionism threatens open markets and GDP growth. And price volatility, whether triggered by drought or short sighted national policies, could deter investments in agriculture and decrease the poor s purchasing power.

This progress has come at a high price in human and ecological terms, however.

Where Did Market Volatility Go?

UNOPS management proposes to work out a strategy to address the fundamental problems of income volatility and high fixed costs that characterize the existing organizational arrangements.

LONDON In the 1960 s, the Green Revolution which included the development of high yielding crop varieties, the expansion of irrigation infrastructure, and the distribution of modern fertilizers and pesticides to developing country farmers bolstered agricultural production worldwide. But chronic hunger remains pervasive, particularly in developing countries, which are affected most by crop shortages and food price volatility.

Yet another reason for the correction is that valuations in stock markets are stretched price earnings ratios are now high, while growth in earnings per share is slackening, and will be subject to further negative surprises as growth and inflation remain low. With uncertainty, volatility, and tail risks on the rise again, the correction could accelerate quickly.

It was important for the international community to take action to improve their access to trade financing, protect them against the adverse effects of trade liberalization and commodity price volatility, and reduce their transport costs.

Banks and investors consider them to be high risk due to their limited assets, low level or lack of collateral, lack of business history and market volatility.

Export restrictions in producing countries and price controls in importing countries both serve to exacerbate the magnitude of the world price upswing, owing to the artificially reduced quantity that is still internationally traded. If producing and consuming countries in grain markets could cooperatively agree to refrain from such government intervention probably by working through the World Trade Organization world price volatility might be lower.

Lowering volatility and sopping up excess liquidity can be beneficial, but there are risks here as well regulators can easily overshoot the mark, leaving financial markets with weakened capacity for price discovery and too little liquidity.

Under these circumstances, people of African descent had paid and continue to pay a high price.

Furthermore, oil producing countries were paying a high price for the technology which they were importing.

They held large inventories of these assets, thus providing liquidity and smoothing excess price volatility. But, with new regulations punishing such trading (via higher capital charges), banks and other financial institutions have reduced their market making activity.

Global economic instability correlates strongly with energy price volatility. Economic development is in significant part defined by the process of overcoming energy poverty, yet 1.6 billion people still lack access to even the most basic energy services.

Fredrick the Great of Prussia was very, very keen for the Germans to adopt the potato and to eat it, because he realized that if you had two sources of carbohydrate, wheat and potatoes, you get less price volatility in bread.

This cost dictates the display s competitive impact. In today s information based world, selection is effective only if a striking appearance is obtained at a very high price and that price is known.

But what it immediately did was that the volatility that had been present in terms of our economic development where, even if oil prices were high, we would grow very fast.

Expectations of economic improvement are extremely high. The initial elected government may pay an early political price for failure.

The high price of oil was governed by the market and was beyond the control of energy exporting countries.

Fortunately, there is little reason to believe such dire predictions, or that the market gyrations that have been driving recent headlines represent anything more than short term volatility. After all, equity price movements are a poor predictor of the real economy s performance.

The era of floating exchange rates that followed the end of the gold standard required the development of products that could protect international trade from price volatility. This opened the way to options, selling and buying on credit, and derivatives of all kinds.

In fact, we have delicacy that's very much like this grasshopper shrimps, a delicacy being sold at a high price.

I would soon find out that there was a high price to pay for my freedom, and for questioning the patriarchy.

Whatever your reason for wanting to do this, whether you're concerned about national security or price volatility or jobs, or the planet, or your grand kids, it seems to me that this is an oil endgame that we should all be playing to win.

There is also the issue of the so called reserve price (the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a good or service). The reserve price places a cap on how high commodity prices will go, as it is the price at which demand destruction occurs (consumers are no longer willing or able to purchase the good or service).

MILAN Since the global economic crisis, sharp divergences in economic performance have contributed to considerable stock market volatility. Now, equity prices are reaching relatively high levels by conventional measures and investors are starting to get nervous.

So, by creating incompatibilities, some subtle and some obvious, that make its old software obsolete, Microsoft can sell its operating systems at high profit margins without fear that people will wait until the price drops. The price will never drop, because Microsoft will just roll out a new system, again at high profit margins.

Economists have identified six pitfalls that can afflict natural resource exporters commodity price volatility, crowding out of manufacturing, Dutch disease (a booming export industry causes rapid currency appreciation, which undermines other exporters competitiveness), inhibited institutional development, civil war, and excessively rapid resource depletion (with insufficient saving).

My work provides a new and coherent approach to macroeconomics that explains how a lack of confidence can lead to persistent unemployment. It supports the purchase of equities by central banks to reduce asset price volatility, restore the value of wealth, and prevent a future market crash.

The Libyan people had suffered great hardship for a long time and had paid a high price in economic, social and health terms.

Emphasizing that the efforts made by developing countries to reduce illicit drug supply carry a high price in political, economic and social terms,

Second, governments, like individuals, households, and businesses, need to save for a rainy day. That is all the more important in periods like the current one of rapid change, high volatility, and only partly predictable systemic instability.

They just care about three things and three things only price, price and price.