The excess capacities in plutonium and highly enriched uranium are staggering indeed.

Combating the risk of nuclear terrorism by reducing the civilian use of highly enriched uranium

Every effort must be made to eliminate all uses of highly enriched uranium in civilian nuclear programmes.

All their highly enriched uranium and plutonium removed from nuclear weapons and disposed of could never be replaced.

The global stockpile of highly enriched uranium is about 1,300, at the low end, to about 2,100 metric tons.

So, what I'd like to show you is what it would take to hold 75 pounds of highly enriched uranium.

With respect to the application of sensitive materials in civilian nuclear programmes, the continued use of highly enriched uranium was particularly worrisome.

As of 1992 my country stopped producing weapons grade plutonium at Marcoule, and stopped producing highly enriched uranium at Pierrelatte in 1996.

In the definition of Natural Uranium (under Uranium natural, depleted, enriched ) replace chemically separated uranium with uranium (which may be chemically separated) .

As a first step, the nuclear Powers should, on a voluntary basis, provide detailed information on their stocks of plutonium and highly enriched uranium.

From the Ukrainian point of view the provisions of a future agreement must envisage the declaration of existing plutonium and highly enriched uranium stocks.

(b) Special fissionable material plutonium 239, uranium 233, uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233.

About 121 incidents were reported to the Agency in 2004, some of which involved weapons usable highly enriched uranium or plutonium being smuggled across national borders.

A moratorium on the production and use of highly enriched uranium for civilian use should be negotiated, with a total ban as a long term objective.

About 2,900 kilograms of nuclear fuel, including highly enriched uranium, had to be placed in conditions which would completely exclude the risk of its illegal use.

If Iran were interested solely in peaceful uses, the Russian offer or some other plan (such as placing stocks of low enriched uranium in Iran) could meet their needs. Iran s insistence on enrichment inside the country is widely attributed to its desire to produce highly enriched uranium for a bomb.

The Kazakh project and the successful experience of reprocessing highly enriched uranium into low grade uranium may become a successful example and a basis for the development of similar projects and programmes in other regions and countries.

In the context of efforts to prevent highly enriched materials from falling into the hands of terrorists, the Russian Federation and the United States of America, with the participation of the Agency, were cooperating on the repatriation of highly enriched uranium fuel from the research reactors of third countries.

There are many, many sites where warheads are stored and, in fact, lots of sites where fissionable materials, like highly enriched uranium and plutonium, are absolutely not safe.

It was implementing a programme, in cooperation with the United States, to reprocess 500 tons of highly enriched uranium from nuclear weapons into fuel for nuclear power plants.

Among a number of worrying cases, a significant amount of highly enriched uranium was discovered in the Caucasus and it is possible that a larger amount remains unaccounted for.

The Romanian Government had taken practical steps to complete two important projects with the assistance and support of the United States and IAEA full conversion of the TRIGA research reactor at Pitesti from highly enriched uranium to low enriched uranium and the return of fresh fuel from the WWR S research reactor at Magurele to the Russian Federation.

After nuclear weapon States have disposed of highly enriched uranium or plutonium removed from existing nuclear weapons, they could not compensate for that by adding to their stockpiles of fissile material.

From 1993 through 2006, the International Atomic Energy Agency documented 175 cases of nuclear theft, 18 of which involved highly enriched uranium or plutonium, the key ingredients to make a nuclear weapon.

This includes, in accordance with the IAEA definition, nuclear material that can be used for the manufacture of nuclear explosive devices without further adaptation or additional enrichment. This is plutonium containing less than 80 per cent plutonium 238, highly enriched uranium (HEU) and uranium 233.

(j) The Review Conference should encourage a moratorium on the production and use of highly enriched uranium, like the moratorium on the production of weapons grade material declared by certain nuclear weapon States.

Nevertheless, there is still a commercial interest in developing more economical methods to produce enriched uranium.

Agreement on the supply and leasing of enriched uranium and the transfer of equipment and special nuclear materials

We believe that that project, together with Kazakhstan's national practices in the processing of highly enriched uranium into low grade nuclear material, could serve as a model for the development of such projects in other countries.

Highly enriched uranium (HEU) is of particular concern in this context, due to the technical feasibility of constructing a crude nuclear explosive device from HEU, making it a possible choice for a terrorist group non State actor.

Efforts had been initiated to minimize and eventually eliminate the use of high enriched uranium in peaceful nuclear applications.

In 2011, for example, Moldovan police seized highly enriched uranium from a group of smugglers who were trying to sell it. The smugglers, exhibiting a worrying level of technical knowledge, had tried to evade detection by building a shielded container.

Every technically competent person knows that the paths to civilian nuclear power and to nuclear weapons are the same, except for a few last, comparatively simple steps. The hard part is obtaining the fissionable materials plutonium or highly enriched uranium.

For its part, after announcing the cessation of the production of plutonium and highly enriched uranium for nuclear weapons, France decided in February 1996 to close and dismantle its facilities for the production of such materials at Pierrelatte and Marcoule.

11. Also welcomes the independent action taken by the United States of America to dispose of 174 metric tons of excess highly enriched uranium from its nuclear weapons programme, of which 50 metric tons have already been down blended for use as reactor fuel

It also had to verify the origin of the enriched uranium particles found at a number of locations, and find out how the Islamic Republic of Iran had come into possession of a P 2 uranium enrichment centrifuge technology.

In most of these cases, however, low enriched uranium (LEU) can be substituted for HEU, or other techniques can be applied to achieve the required results.

To a large extent this was related to proliferation concerns but there was also the prospect of producing low enriched uranium for reactor fuel in a cheaper way.

Of course, it is possible that these events are an aberration. After all, the only conflict so far in which authorities have lost control of sensitive nuclear materials was the Georgia Abkhazia War in the 1990s, when unknown forces seized a small amount of highly enriched uranium from a research institute.

It is time for cooler heads to prevail with a strategy that helps Iran step back. The key players here are Brazil and Turkey, whose governments negotiated an ill timed deal with Iran in May 2011, whereby Iran would transfer 1,200 kilograms of low enriched uranium to Turkey in exchange for 1,200 kilograms of medium enriched uranium for medical research at a Tehran reactor.

2. Nuclear material means plutonium, except that with isotopic concentration exceeding 80 per cent in plutonium 238 uranium 233 uranium enriched in the isotope 235 or 233 uranium containing the mixture of isotopes as occurring in nature other than in the form of ore or ore residue or any material containing one or more of the foregoing

(b) (i) Nuclear material means plutonium, except that with isotopic concentration exceeding 80 per cent in plutonium 238 uranium 233 uranium enriched in the isotope 235 or 233 uranium containing the mixture of isotopes as occurring in nature other than in the form of ore or ore residue or any material containing one or more of the foregoing

An incident in Moldova two years ago involving highly enriched uranium which can be used in a nuclear weapon illustrates both the scale of the threat and the possibility of effective counter measures if countries take the problem seriously. Police seized a quantity of the substance from an individual who was attempting to sell it.

At the end of 1996, Agency safeguards were being applied to more than 154,000 tonnes of nuclear material. This is some 43 per cent more than five years earlier. Of this material, 74 tonnes were unirradiated plutonium or highly enriched uranium. In a moment, I shall explain how nuclear disarmament measures may call for IAEA verification.

During Yugoslavia s violent collapse, adversaries never struck or invaded Serbia s research reactor, powered by weaponizable enriched uranium. When Serbian fighter jets flew threateningly low over Slovenia s nuclear power plant, they spared the reactor.