Some say that today s overcapacity is a result of China s past overinvestment. Others attribute it to a lack of effective demand.

Today s problems are compounded by a lack of sufficient private demand particularly household consumption in the advanced economies to compensate for demand losses stemming from austerity. During the last two decades, consumption drove these countries economic growth, reaching historically high GDP shares.

The decline in Pap smear coverage is due to a number of reasons, including, mainly, lack of supplies (slides, fixative) owing to poor logistics in this area, and lack of resources to analyse Pap smears (pathologists and cytotechnicians) in some local health systems, which leads to delays in notifying patients of results, thereby indirectly reducing demand for the service.

Companies tend not to seek markets in developing countries with low effective consumer demand, lack of adequate infrastructure to facilitate imports, inadequate human capital to provide labour, and inadequate legal structures to provide a stable business environment.

Some have reputations and credibility that give them impressive domestic as well as international soft power. Others lack credibility among moderate citizens but can mobilize demonstrations that demand the attention of governments.

At the heart of their concerns is the lack of sustained demand needed to drive growth. While structural reforms particularly on the supply side are required in developed and developing countries, they are not sufficient to address what former US Treasury Secretary Larry Summers has called secular stagnation that is, the difficulty of sustaining sufficient demand to permit normal levels of output.

Prospects for these two sources of growth will not only influence the vigor, or lack thereof, of any recovery they could well be decisive in bringing about an important shift in the US growth model. The 70 30 split underscores the challenge the US must face up to a fundamental rebalancing weaning itself from excessive reliance on internal demand and drawing greater support from external demand.

But it is depressing to hear that many university departments are still in denial. That is not because students lack interest I teach a course at Sciences Po in Paris on the consequences of the crisis for financial markets, and the demand is overwhelming.

Other limitations included unsuitability of methods and tools, lack of national capacity, lack of data, lack of financial resources and lack of appropriate institutional frameworks which contributed to the difficulties in applying the IPCC Guidelines.

Moreover, production may occur in response to actual demand, not anticipated or forecast demand. In some sense, this represents the ultimate compression of supply chains, as firms produce to final demand with minimal delay.

Some of the main challenges faced in the areas of employment and economic growth in Afghanistan are the lack of entrepreneurial skills, knowledge and technology, lack of an enabling environment, lack of support services and lack of access to capital and financial services.

He said there's just not in demand.

Second, the Chinese production mix does not correspond to domestic demand, and investment in long products has outpaced demand growth.

The eurozone crisis did not derail recovery it is the result of a lack of recovery. It is the natural, predictable, and (by many) predicted result of the main European countries deliberate policy of repressing aggregate demand.

What is holding back investment (both in the United States and Europe) is lack of demand, not high taxes. Indeed, given that most investment is financed by debt, and that interest payments are tax deductible, the level of corporate taxation has little effect on investment.

Japan s deflation and economic stagnation over the last two decades stemmed largely from a dysfunctional financial system and a lack of private demand. The collapse of asset bubbles in the 1990 s left Japan s financial system and private sector saddled with a huge debt overhang.

As demand for land and land prices increased, corruption became rampant, with some politicians, industrialists, and bureaucrats using the lack of transparency in land ownership and zoning to misappropriate assets. India s corrupt elites had moved from controlling licenses to cornering newly valuable resources like land.

In this case, supply right next to demand.

Strengthening international cooperation in drug demand reduction programmes

The dramatic improvement in demand in 2002 2004 did of course provide an incentive to add capacity, particularly in countries where continued strong demand growth was foreseen.

Energy demand

Demand reduction

Demand reduction

Demand reduction

Other industries face more daunting chicken and egg problems countries lack the capabilities that growth industries demand, yet it is impossible to develop these capabilities unless the industries that require them are present. One way to solve this coordination problem is through vertical integration that is, firms that can solve internally the coordination of the supply and demand for any new capability.

China has the potential to maintain robust growth by relying on domestic demand and not only household consumption. The country suffers no lack of investment opportunities, with significant scope for industrial upgrading and plenty of potential for improvement in urban infrastructure, public housing, and environmental management.

After all, the UK forbids outright payment for eggs, whereas in the United States, a highly differentiated market has grown up around consumer demand. And the UK has a national regulatory agency for IVF, whereas the US has a patchwork of state regulations (or a lack thereof).

In fact, demand for clean energy was exploding worldwide.

There is an urgent demand for justice in Haiti.

The Bureau of Maritime Affairs staff, co located with LISCR in their home offices in Virginia, United States, do not provide oversight because of lack of ability, lack of knowledge and lack of support from the Bureau.

Neither weak foreign demand nor a lack of financing, therefore, can be the reason for Greece s poor export performance. Low competitiveness, too, is not an explanation, as real (inflation adjusted) wage costs have declined by more in Greece in recent years than in any other eurozone country, with the exception of Ireland.

They lack basic training in management and accounting

The German government, no surprise, does not even acknowledge that there is a problem. With unemployment remaining near record lows, the lack of demand growth is simply dismissed, and the absence of inflation is taken as a sign of success.

But the OMT scheme has not been reinforced by a reduction in key interest rates, which would boost inflation in core countries with external surpluses and thus help to close the competitiveness gap with the periphery. Crucially, monetary policy measures do not address the underlying problem of lack of demand.

Lack of access to information, lack of protection and lack of legal aid are other factors that aggravate violence against women.

Lack of transparency and accountability in how money is spent in wars, and in the rebuilding that takes place after them, no longer play well with taxpayers. In light of increasing global demand for aid and falling supply (down 12 over the last two years), its effective and transparent use is becoming more imperative.

Demand or Supply?

Netanyahu s Useless Demand

Price reflects demand.

Drug demand reduction

Drug demand reduction

Demand savings accounts

And when supply is equal to demand, everything's fine, but when supply falls, in this case of oxygen, and demand stays high, you're dead.

This is not for lack of information it's a lack of integration.

The pace of deficit reduction must be slowed, particularly in Spain, because output is determined in the short run by demand, and private demand cannot replace public demand until a degree of faith in the future is restored. This move toward support of effective demand must be combined with the kind of structural reforms that will allow more rapid, supply side growth in the longer term.