The widespread impression that there was such pent up demand also led people to believe that there could not be another depression. The perception of pent up demand was like a powerful economic stimulus package, and it had the advantage that people believed it would be long lasting.

The worst consumer recession in modern history, featuring a record collapse in durable goods expenditures in 2008 2009, should have triggered an outsize surge of pent up demand. Yet it did anything but that.

First, there was a general perception of pent up demand. After years of privation (and in many countries the physical destruction of war), people just wanted to live normally to rebuild, own a home, a car, and other consumer goods.

We developed, in short, a new attitude toward the responsibilities of government. She concluded that the positive effect of pent up demand and government measures can make sense only when viewed against the background of our changed economic and political philosophy.

By contrast, the release of pent up demand in the current cycle amounted to just 3 annualized growth in the five quarters from early 2010 to early 2011. Moreover, the strongest quarterly gain was a 4.1 increase in the fourth quarter of 2010.

This process enabled western European companies and banks to expand into new markets with higher growth rates and, thereby satisfying pent up demand and tapping unrealized potential. This has created jobs in central and eastern Europe, while boosting prosperity in the older member states.

Developed countries strong postwar investment performance dispelled fear of secular stagnation. But this occurred after a world war that had created huge pent up demand for new equipment, transport infrastructure, and household appliances, together with a military industrial complex that armed the West during the Cold War.

From the first quarter of 2008 through the second quarter of 2009, real consumer spending plunged at a 1.8 average annual rate. In the past, when discretionary spending on items such as motor vehicles, furniture, appliances, and travel was deferred, a surge of pent up demand quickly followed.

In the early postwar decades, foreign competition exerted virtually no pressure on the economy, owing to the isolation of America s continental market from the devastation of WWII. At the same time, the war left enormous pent up demand for the products of mass production cars, washing machines, refrigerators, lawn mowers, television sets, and more.

As a result, Turkey s export potential has been negatively affected by the rising stringency of the sanctions regime against Iran, with trade losses estimated at 6 billion for the first nine months of 2013. The gradual easing of the sanctions is expected to benefit Turkey s export industries, which hope to satisfy pent up Iranian demand for consumer and investment goods.

According to some contemporary observers, however, pent up demand was only part of the story. During the brief but deep recession of 1949, the financial commentator Silvia Porter reflected on the attitudes that led to the 1929 crash We saw nothing wrong in fact, we saw everything right with the wild speculative boom and credit inflation that culminated in the now almost unbelievable gambling orgy of 1929.

The Chinese urge is to break from the confines of their country s history, and thus China s own geography. An assertive and relatively stable China, it seems, must expand, lest pent up internal pressures tear it apart.

Cecil Pigou and Franco Modigliani objected that if demand were successfully increased, the money wage level would rise, catch up to demand, and thus push employment back down to its previous level. Employment cannot be sustained above its equilibrium path by inflating effective demand.

Over most of the postwar period, this post recession release of pent up consumer demand has been a powerful source of support for economic recovery. In the eight recoveries since the early 1950 s (excluding the brief pop following the credit controls induced slump in the 1980 s), the stock adjustment response lifted real consumption growth by 6.1 , on average, for five quarters following business cycle downturns spurts of 7 8 growth were not uncommon for a quarter or two.

In particular, we now have a mandate to launch what has become known around the world as the third arrow of so called Abenomics structural reform. And it is structural reform that will unleash the competitiveness, and long pent up dynamism, of Japan s firms and people.

Gird up now thy loins like a man for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me.

Gird up thy loins now like a man I will demand of thee, and declare thou unto me.

Gird up now thy loins like a man for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me.

Gird up thy loins now like a man I will demand of thee, and declare thou unto me.

O ye who believe! Fear Allah, and give up what remains of your demand for usury, if ye are indeed believers.

O ye who believe! Fear Allah, and give up what remains of your demand for usury, if ye are indeed believers.

Believers, have fear of God and give up whatever unlawful interest you still demand from others, if you are indeed true believers.

Believers, have fear of God and give up whatever unlawful interest you still demand from others, if you are indeed true believers.

43 2 Follow up to the Action Plan for the Implementation of the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Drug Demand Reduction

Energy demand

Demand reduction

Demand reduction

Demand reduction

The tumult of the Maoist period instilled in a broad cross section of people a profound appreciation for stability, and a yearning to be left alone. Deng capitalized on this revolution weariness by diminishing the role of politics and the state in people s private lives and freeing them to release their pent up energy to pursue their own goals.

While it catalyzes a more generalized demand the elderly plumber who works longer hours in the boom spends more on his stamp collection it is not unreasonable to believe that much of debt fueled demand is more focused. So, as lending dries up, borrowing households can no longer spend, and demand for certain goods changes disproportionately, especially in areas that boomed earlier.

Demand or Supply?

Netanyahu s Useless Demand

Price reflects demand.

Drug demand reduction

Drug demand reduction

Demand savings accounts

Rebalancing also involves a global demand switch from external deficit countries to those running large current account surpluses. With lower spending and higher savings in the advanced economies, key emerging markets must take up the slack and start providing the demand needed to power the global recovery.

In short, the world should not expect China to shore up global aggregate demand in 2015. If anything, there will be an even bigger hole to fill.

The anger that has poured onto the streets of Delhi and many other Indian cities was fueled by a great accumulated discontent at the bestial rape and murder of that still unnamed woman, yes, but also at pervasive public and private corruption, the absence of governance and accountability, and much more. Years of pent up rage are now flowing out.

Supply, demand, big opportunity.

It's risk and demand.

And thirdly, public demand.

The demand is huge.

World demand and supply

We must reduce energy demand.