(b) The elimination of trade distorting policies, protectionist practices and non tariff barriers in international trade relations

(b) The elimination of trade distorting policies, protectionist practices and non tariff barriers in international trade relations

Did Africa's protectionist policies cause its marginalization in world trade? Working Paper No. 1636 (Washington, D.C., World Bank, International Trade Division, August 1996).

Environmental policies and measures must not be used for protectionist purposes.

Governments should have as their objective to ensure that trade and environmental policies are mutually supportive so as to achieve sustainable development in so doing, their environmental policies and measures with a potential trade impact should not be used for protectionist purposes

Governments should have as their objective to ensure that trade and environmental policies are mutually supportive so as to achieve sustainable development in so doing, their environmental policies and measures with a potential trade impact should not be used for protectionist purposes

Globalization and international trade are closely linked to the employment situation in developing countries, with protectionist trade policies potentially leading to job losses, particularly in agriculture, and the actions of transnational corporations possibly compromising local labour standards.

Where social barriers are sufficiently strong, economic barriers are certain to appear. These can range from protectionist trade policies and increasingly strict immigration controls to religious wars and ethnic cleansing.

Protectionist measures were also being disguised by linking trade with environment and labour laws.

Unilateral actions of a protectionist nature, inconsistent with multilateral trade agreements, should be avoided and prevented.

2. Trade policies

International trade policies and multilateral trade negotiations

23. Emphasizes the need for a balanced and integrated approach to issues of environment, trade and development, and recognizes that the objective of Governments should be to ensure that trade and environmental policies are mutually supportive so as to achieve sustainable development and that, in doing so, their environmental policies and measures with a potential trade impact are not used for protectionist purposes

In this context, the issue of CSR as a protectionist advice to hinder free trade was also aired.

quot 20. Emphasizes the need for a balanced and integrated approach to environment, trade and development issues, and recognizes that Governments should have as their objective to ensure that trade and environmental policies are mutually supportive so as to achieve sustainable development and that, in doing so, their environmental policies and measures with a potential trade impact are not to be used for protectionist purposes

2 Trade policies 17 21

C. Gender and trade liberalization policies

1. Trade and exchange rate policies

Rejection of protectionist measures and a clear commitment to pursue further comprehensive trade and investment liberalization were essential in this respect.

Should a Government rely heavily on its customs administration for the collection of revenue or for the enforcement of protectionist policies, it could seriously hamper any efforts made by that customs administration not to pose an obstacle to legitimate trade.

Despite the conclusion of various regional and global trade agreements (bilateral and multilateral) over the past decade, the Syrian economy remains protectionist if measured by the percentage of external trade and investment.

Protectionist Shadows over Solar Power

Some developed countries were still pursuing restrictive trade policies.

CAMBRIDGE There is a serious danger that the international adoption of cap and trade legislation to limit carbon dioxide emissions will trigger a new round of protectionist measures. While aimed at reducing long term environmental damage, cap and trade policies could produce significant harmful economic effects in the near term that would continue into the future.

Some countries have built trade protectionist walls and retreated into the unilateralism, which increases anxiety of the international society about the prospects for free trade and adds much uncertainty to a recovering world economy.

15. Trade policies were complemented by policies to increase rapidly the rate of savings and investment.

59. With regard to trade, import quotas and protectionist measures hindering access for developing countries apos exports to the countries of the North must be eliminated.

The TPRM is a unique tool to review the full range of trade policies and it provides a well founded analysis of developments in trade policies and practices.

It is not only significant, but paradoxical, that those countries that preach the benefits of free trade most emphatically are those that maintain protectionist barriers and subsidies.

A necessary step towards accomplishing that goal would be for the developed countries to avoid all forms of protectionist tendencies and take steps to liberalize international trade.

The reports by the secretariat have four chapters first, the economic environment of the Member, second, the trade and investment policy framework, third, trade policies and practices by measure, and fourth, sectoral trade policies and practices.

Barack Obama, appealing to swelling protectionist sentiment among Americans, threatened during his presidential campaign to rewrite the North American Free Trade Agreement unilaterally. This July, the World Trade Organization s Doha trade round fell to pieces, partly because the US refused to lower its agricultural subsidies.

Successful trade reform was essential for successful reform of development policies.

Some current trade policies of developed countries should be changed accordingly.

In short, for policies affecting the exchange rate to become part of trade agreements, monetary and fiscal policies would have to become part of trade agreements. In that case, there would be no trade agreements at all.

Sound and stable macroeconomic policies and outward oriented trade policies have been important country level factors in this change.

Before the war, America had been highly protectionist.

Technical assistance was also provided from databases in trade in goods and services trade in services competition policies trade and environment and investment regimes.

This is also the moment to inject new energy into the Doha round of global trade talks. A successful conclusion of the round would be the strongest possible action to counter protectionist tendencies and resume growth in world trade.

That is still the waterfront of effective policies aid, trade, security, governments.

See OECD, Trade and Competition Policies Exploring the Ways Forward , p. 19.

The policies, rules and modalities of global trade must have development focus.

2. Trade policies, structural adjustment and economic reform developments relating to structural adjustment policies in developed countries and their implications

Right of the State to plan development policies (including investment regulation, protection of balance of payments, trade and sector policies)

Fourth, rising job losses lead to greater demands for protectionist measures, as governments are pressured to save domestic jobs. This threatens to aggravate the damaging contraction of global trade.