Private firms, however large they are, like Lenovo, depend in many ways on state patronage.

Public administration, which is largely patronage, takes 690 billion.

Reforms to patronage systems most often produce bureaucratic merit systems.

There are stories, unverifiable but plausible, that 20 or more of Hun Sen s closest associates have each amassed more than 1 billion through misappropriation of state assets, illegal economic activity, and favoritism in state procurement and contracting. There has also been political patronage bordering on parody, with one recent count putting the government s size at 244 ministers and secretaries of state.

It is, in fact, much marginalized in the Charter and treated like a minor, in need of patronage.

Here, the basic model in place or the place from which many Governments start may well be patronage.

Patronage systems also referred to as spoils systems by many link public employment to political, ethnic, tribal or personal ties.

Open up regulated professions pharmacies, notaries, and taxicabs, for example and inefficient suppliers will be driven out by more productive firms. Privatize state enterprises, and the new management will rationalize production (and shed all the excess workers who owe their jobs to political patronage).

Financial bubbles, like the one that has just definitively burst, are intimately related to the world of art. Renaissance Florence depended on the patronage of the Medici.

Patronage systems change dramatically as leadership and power shifts in national crises, partisan differences may well be exemplified within government bureaucracies as well as in the larger society.

It is being organized by UNCTAD under the patronage of the CSTD, in collaboration with the Trieste system of scientific institutions and the United Nations ICT Task Force.

But their purpose will be lost if pursuing them weakens the very identity of Europe s universities, many of which are used to functioning in a world of state patronage and strict regulation. Policymakers must be aware of the educational and cultural damage that continuous reforms all justified in the future oriented jargon of the day can wreak.

But weak regional linkages limit small firms growth potential, forcing them to depend on state patronage. Although Arab leaders often cite Turkey as a beacon of hope, they rarely acknowledge that the country s recent transformation from the sick man of Europe to one of the world s fastest growing emerging markets would not have been possible had it not pursued regional synergies.

Located in Jongno district, Seoul, the restaurant which was well known for the patronage by political VIPs such as former presidents Roh Tae woo and Lee Myung bak closed down last month.

The Office of the High Representative followed the work of the agency in order to exclude overt party patronage from the hiring process, meanwhile offering advice on human resources legislation and policy.

Welcomes IRCICA's initiative to organize an International Symposium on Islamic Civilization in West Africa to be organized in cooperation with the Republic of Mali under the high patronage of President Amadou Toumani Toure.

Based on surveys of local officials, patronage, not merit, has become the most critical factor in the appointment process. For those without guanxi, the only recourse is to purchase appointments and promotions through bribes.

Unfortunately, this type of pressure could not work in China when its people demanded what other Asians had won. Both the Chinese Communist Party and the People s Liberation Army could survive without US patronage.

However, before abandoning recruitment practices founded on the doctrine of security of tenure, it would be necessary to weigh the benefits of contractual appointments against the risks of a resurgence of politicization and patronage.

While noting the efforts taken by the State party to improve the representation of different ethnic groups in the public service, most notably by the Federal Character Commission, the Committee remains concerned about the reports of continuing practices of patronage and traditional linkages based on ethnic origin, leading to the marginalization of certain ethnic groups in Government, legislative bodies and the judiciary (arts. 2 and 5).

Welcomes the project of the forthcoming Second International Symposium on Islamic Civilization in Volga Ural Region in Kazan, capital of Tatarstan, on 24 26 June 2005, under the patronage of H.E. Mintimer Shaimiev, President of Tatarstan.

As individuals in such regimes ascend the hierarchy, patronage and risk aversion become the most critical factors in determining their chances for promotion. Consequently, such regimes grow increasingly sclerotic as they select leaders with stellar resumes but mediocre records.

If anything, China has proven that a country can blend control, coercion, and patronage to stymie the Internet s politically liberalizing elements. Through discreet but tough controls, Beijing pursues a policy of wai song, nei jin relaxed on the outside, vigilant internally.

In the 2000 election campaign, Bush praised Bill Clinton s Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) for its effectiveness. As president, he treated it as a source of patronage, replacing its top officials with political cronies who had little experience in managing emergencies.

Moreover, income inequality has widened, with the global phenomenon of increasing concentration of wealth at the top very pronounced in many Arab countries. Top incomes in these countries have resulted largely from political patronage, rather than from innovation and hard work.

(c) Networking with all stakeholders, by encouraging the mobilization of a broad and innovative international partnership to combat land degradation and desertification through patronage and partnerships with States parties, national and international organizations, civil society, academic institutions and the business community.

(c) Networking with all the stakeholders Encourage the mobilization of a broad and innovative international partnership to combat land degradation and desertification through patronage and partnerships with pParties, national and international organizations, civil society, academic institutions and private sector corporations.

Welcomes also IRCICA's project to organize the international symposium on the Levant in the Ottoman Period to be held in Damascus, Syria on 26 30 September 2005, under the patronage of H.E. Bashar Al Assad, President of the Syrian Arab Republic.

Yes, Lee s system enabled him to remain in power for 31 years, and he did use the civil not criminal courts to harry his opponents. But Lee, more importantly, also relied on elements of democratic contestation to ensure that meritocracy triumphed over patronage.

(e) Third State means any State other than the predecessor State or the successor State

As a result, if the price of soy continues to fall, subsidies a source of corruption and patronage will be an increasingly heavy burden for public spending. According to unofficial figures, subsidies already represent 5 of GDP, and only painful adjustments can reduce them.

Qatar has money, but no other hard power, and it has been criticized for its interference in Syria and its support for the Muslim Brotherhood. If Qatar fails to use its resources wisely, it may lose the legitimacy that it needs to underpin its patronage.

Speaker on globalization and garantismo at the seminar on justice, childhood and human rights services organized by the Institute of Judicial Studies of the Supreme Court, and Department of the Patronage of Minors issued him a certificate proving his participation, La Plata, 5 October 2001.

Unfortunately, Bo s case is not the exception in China, but the rule. Contrary to the prevailing perception in the West (especially among business leaders), the current Chinese government is riddled with clever apparatchiks like Bo who have acquired their positions through cheating, corruption, patronage, and manipulation.

These are five state state machines.

From Welfare State to Innovation State

Considering that the Summit is to be convened under the patronage of the Secretary General of the United Nations, with the International Telecommunication Union taking the lead role in its preparation, in cooperation with interested United Nations bodies and other international organizations as well as the host countries,

State counsel Kaduna State Ministry of Justice.

(d) State concerned means the predecessor State or the successor State, as the case may be

That you will surely experience state after state.

That you will surely experience state after state.

Following on from its country level patronage, designed to foster the image of a socially responsible company, Carrefour decided to set up a second independent structure to intervene in such areas as humanitarian action, health, scientific and medical research, culture, education, the fight against exclusion and protection of the environment.

State of the Art, or Art of the State?

(c) Successor State means the State which has replaced another State on the occurrence of a succession of States

NEW DELHI India s democratic credentials do not impress Francis Fukuyama, who two decades ago prophesied the end of history, as being a catalyst for the country s economic growth. Fukuyama finds excessive patronage politics and fractiousness in India flaws that stand in stark contrast to China s speedier, though not necessarily cleaner, political system.