(d) Supply side adjustments.

A. Supply side approaches

Recent experience has shown that supply side factors have emerged as key impediments to many developing countries improved participation in international trade.

Item 3 Supply side issues

C. Supply side constraints and policies

B. Initiatives on the supply side

Barring a true negative supply side shock, global stagflation is thus unlikely. Recent rises in oil, energy and other commodity prices reflect a variety of factors

A. Supply side approaches 45 48 12

B. Supply side constraints and policy options

On the supply side, economic incentives were powerful.

C. Supply side constraints and policies 41 44

B. Initiatives on the supply side 54 55

B. Supply side constraints and policy options 21 26

Bribes and corruption have both a demand and a supply side, with the supply side being mostly of greedy corporate unethical businesses and hapless common man.

In addition, a number of supply side and demand side measures have been undertaken in accordance with the IPR's recommendations.

Supply side constraints had been identified as key areas of intervention in Kenya.

A further challenge consists in developing a competitive environment on the supply side.

However, market access barriers and supply side constraints hampered exploitation of export opportunities.

The findings might provide further guidance for liberalization approaches and supply side policies.

Infrastructure problems and supply side constraints inhibit their capacity for growth and exports.

Against this background, South Korea s new growth strategy should aim to achieve both a demand side rebalancing and supply side productivity increases.

This complex challenge must be tackled through a comprehensive approach that addresses both the supply side and the demand side of the equation.

While the safeguarding of fissile materials addressed the supply side of terrorism, it was also necessary to address the demand side of terrorism.

Targeted technical assistance shall be provided to landlocked developing countries to address supply side constraints.

The supply side of the drug problem is an extremely profitable business for drug traffickers.

9. Supply side constraints are at the root of LDCs weak participation in international trade.

In this effort, companies must recognize that both demand and supply factors are or will be driving the transformation of their competitive landscapes. On the demand side, consumers expect a lot more from the products and services they use.

and that the Commission endorsed the eco efficiency approach and stressed the need for an appropriate balance between supply side and demand side approaches,

These policies contain mostly quot no regrets quot measures, which could be subdivided into quot supply side quot and quot demand side quot ones.

Some delegates noted that efforts to counter trafficking in persons should place equal emphasis on the demand side and on the supply side of the problem.

This would result in a number of positive spillovers, on both the demand and the supply side.

Similarly, supply side constraints needed to be identified and ways and means found to deal with them.

This explanation may seem even more paradoxical than the first, but the logic is straightforward Governments often try to escape the hard task of improving economic efficiency through supply side reforms and rely on demand side fixes instead. So, when confronted with a growth slowdown caused by structural factors, many countries responded by lowering interest rates and stimulating credit.

To increase pressure on the supply side, demand should be reduced through prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and harm reduction measures.

For purposes of discussion, they may be broadly divided into (a) supply side approaches and (b) demand management measures.

However, taking full advantage of export opportunities continues to be hampered by market access barriers and supply side constraints.

Anyone familiar with China s structural shifts on the supply and demand side will recognize some similarities with the German case.

It showed that appropriate trade and industrial policies were needed in order to remove some of the supply side constraints.

(c) Supply side weaknesses lack of diversification, structural weaknesses (narrow production and export base, inability to compete in world trade)

Germany cannot, however, indulge its obsession with supply side reforms without also pursuing growth enhancing policies. As Germany knows from its own experience in the early 2000s, the benefits of supply side reforms namely, improved competitiveness and higher long term growth rates take a long time to emerge.

However, such figures have to be viewed with caution, as supply constraints and other limiting factors may ultimately impede benefits for developing countries.

The strengthening of supply side capacity encompasses also the identification of export products and those that encounter technical barriers to trade.

Push factors (e.g. rising costs in the home market, following competitors and suppliers, corporate internationalization policy) Pull factors (e.g. growth opportunities, investment opportunities in the host country, lower production costs, availability of natural resources, host government incentives) Management factors (e.g. availability of skills and knowledge needed to internationalize successfully) Chance factors (e.g. being invited to supply a customer abroad)

Demand side, as well as supply side, projects shall be taken into consideration, provided that a project activity results in a reduction of maximum 15 gigawatt hours (GWh), as illustrated by figure 1.

Counterbalancing these trends, however, are factors that will contribute to lower global supply, such as falling sheep numbers and better returns from alternative farming activities.