Their signatures are especially crucial.

The EU Directive on Electronic Signatures facilitates the use of electronic signatures and contributes to their legal recognition.

Signatures

The labels recommended in 13.4 should be affixed on goods or packages.

New signatures

Checking signatures

Checking signatures

Unscrupulous parties could try to invalidate their electronic signatures on grounds of unreliability.

2. Urges all States to ratify the Convention without delay subsequent to their signatures

Signatures, Ratifications, etc.

(b) Electronic signatures

Including five signatures.

No signatures found.

Reliability of electronic signatures

Keys for Qualified Signatures

Different results for signatures

Signatures and thumbprint verification

Signatures can then be estimated.

Paragraph 3 (a) of article 9 lays down general criteria for functional equivalence between handwritten signatures and electronic signatures.

In order to achieve functional equivalence between handwritten signatures and electronic signatures, there should not be any additional reliability requirement for electronic signatures as contained in paragraph 3 (b) of article 9.

This phrase provides that electronic signatures that only fulfil these minimum functions will satisfy the requirement of law for signatures.

The Guide to Enactment text discussing the latter article notes that its aim is to promote reliance on electronic signatures for producing legal effect where such electronic signatures are functionally equivalent to handwritten signatures.

Further, since the chemical composition of biological and toxin agents tends to be complex, their signatures also are complex.

Recognition of foreign certificates and electronic signatures

Instrument Ratifications Signatures 1967 Outer Space Treaty

Signatures only 5 ratifications and accessions 1

Signatures only 1 ratifications and accessions 0

A. Draft uniform rules on electronic signatures

However, the real problem with electronic signatures was that, without certain safeguards, they could be manipulated more easily than handwritten signatures.

The method of identifying space debris signatures is based on the recognition of their track over the IRAS focal plane.

The method of identifying space debris signatures is based on the recognition of their track over the IRAS focal plane.

(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under article 38

(o) UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001).

F. UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001)

The Working Group was urged not to introduce, in connection with digital signatures, requirements more stringent than those that applied to handwritten signatures.

However, in order to allow for a wider use of digital signatures, it would be necessary to promote the confidence of the general public in the authenticity of the signatures and in the reliability of the methods being used for their verification.

(c) The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001)

It specifically creates a double legal regime for signatures.

Where articles or substances are specifically listed in the Dangerous Goods List, a danger class label shall be affixed for the hazard shown in Column 3. A subsidiary risk label shall also be affixed for any risk indicated by a class or division number in Column 4 of the Dangerous Goods List.

In our view, electronic signatures are merely another form of signature, and should in principle be legally valid as signatures without any special requirements of reliability.

The Board noted that codifiers who are not handwriting experts used their judgement to determine the authenticity of signatures on certificates of entitlement.

Don 't try and verify the signatures on a message

Common law does not impose any form requirement on signatures.

Certain signatures in some jurisdictions had to be particularly reliable.

New signatures were added to this certificate by the import.