After the investigation, prompted by news reports of the price increase, was underway, a fifth airline applied to the Commission for leniency under the Commission's Corporate Leniency Policy.

Apparently, few resulted from a leniency programme.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of leniency programmes

Leniency Programmes to Fight Hard Core Cartels (2001)

The GVH has applied its leniency policy to the matter.

One cannot expect the mere creation of a leniency programme to produce immediate results for the agency.

Begin to establish a leniency programme. The word begin is important.

When this credibility is established, properly structured leniency programme will succeed.

In recent years, a key obstacle to enhanced cooperation on enforcement against international cartels area has arisen from the confidentiality that is accorded under national leniency programmes to information from leniency applications.

A second specialized investigative tool in cartel cases is the leniency programme.

A properly structured leniency programme should have at least the following elements

Only then will there be sufficient incentive for cartel operators to break ranks and cooperate with the authorities under a leniency programme.

The representative of the United States Federal Trade Commission commented that, although a leniency programme had proved the most effective investigatory tool in cartel prosecution, the United States had prosecuted cartels successfully before it introduced a leniency programme.

A critical component of any successful leniency programme is the credible threat of severe sanctions.

The Impact of Leniency Programs on Cartels. www.wz berlin.de mp conf pastconfs io04 papers rey.pdf

She also expressed concern about the apparent leniency of penalties for extremely serious offences such as trafficking, the sexual abuse of minors and incest.

A dawn raid and the cooperation of one conspirator through a leniency programme produced the incriminating evidence.

Ms. Cinar (Turkey) said that, as part of the legal reform exercise, leniency provisions for custom or honour killings, which were essentially synonymous, had been abolished.

Once any illegal activities are found, they shall be severely dealt with according to law without any leniency.

This case is a good example of the use of a leniency programme when dealing with cartel cases.

Once the credibility of the authority had been established, a leniency programme could be a very effective tool.

He or she must apply for naturalisation.

The Presidency has approved standard forms for victims to apply to participate in proceedings and is considering standard forms for victims to apply for reparations.

The competition agency should maintain strict confidentiality regarding the fact of a leniency application and the identity of the applicant.

I haven't decided which job to apply for.

In conclusion, the representatives of the JFTC enquired whether a competition authority could successfully pursue cartel investigations without a leniency programme.

There was consensus that no leniency and flexibility towards the use of force is acceptable, as ambiguity creates flexibility of interpretation and provides a justification for multiple interpretations, and consequently justification for unilateral action.

(j) Leniency measures taken by the Government of the Sudan, which led to the release of a large number of imprisoned women

Those crimes also continued to go unpunished under the occupying Power's undeclared policy of leniency towards them, which had encouraged further attacks.

As for international legal rules, the existing norms should apply.

If parents apply for an insurance of persons on their minor children, the restriction stipulated in paragraph one of this Article shall not apply.

(c) An NGO may apply for grants for a maximum of two representatives

I think it's time for us to apply them to water.

Parents must apply to receive this health coverage for their children.

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More and more countries are enforcing competition laws more rigorously and also adopting tactics such as the introduction of leniency programmes and dawn raids.

A leniency programme can be a powerful anti cartel weapon, but, as is discussed below, experience has shown that it is seldom effective right away.

If you want this job, you must apply for it by tomorrow.

For the purposes of this Protocol the following general principles shall apply

They have nobody to apply to for possible scientific and research projects.

The (relatively few) countries whose leniency programmes are flourishing consider this tool to be the most effective in their arsenal, even more effective than dawn raids.

While no leniency should be shown for crimes perpetrated on innocent children, we need to see in perspective the fact that many children responsible for reprehensible crimes have often been manipulated by unscrupulous adults to take part in armed conflicts.

After that date she could apply for refugee status if she was afraid to return to Mexico, and if a removal order was issued against her she could apply for pre removal risk assessment.

That approach was welcome, for the Secretariat should always apply the template flexibly.