Attribution of data messages

In the absence of an acceptable attribution rule, attribution of a signature should be a matter of proof.

Attribution of conduct to a State

5. Attribution of digitally signed messages

If the law is going to presume attribution, then that attribution has to rest on a standard of reliability.

Attribution of conduct to an international organization

Attribution of conduct to an international organization

Attribution of the nationality of the successor State

Attribution of the nationality of the successor States

Portfolio risk analysis and performance attribution system ( 875,000)

Attribution, however, is a matter of degree. Despite the dangers of false flags and the difficulty of obtaining prompt, high quality attribution that would stand up in a court of law, there is often enough attribution to enable deterrence.

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The latter articles deal with attribution of conduct to international organizations.

The draft Convention does not deal with the attribution of electronic communications.

According to article 3, paragraph 2, attribution of conduct is one of

(a) Criteria and guidelines for the attribution of emission credits to projects

Renunciation of the nationality of another State as a condition for attribution of nationality

The attribution of custody does not depend on the marital status of the parents.

The geographical composition of the Agency shall be taken into account in the attribution of posts.

Attribution of the nationality of the successor State and withdrawal of the nationality of the predecessor State

This is forbidden by the religion of Islam, and any attribution of it to Islam is unjust.

A fourth principle was that the forced attribution of nationality should be avoided as far as possible.

It would be a mockery of justice if criminal attribution to persons aiding and abetting genocide were not made.

Any revision of this attribution of responsibility would require amendment of the statute, which the organizations would not support.

There is no necessity for a reliability requirement to be introduced as a complement to a non existent attribution rule.

(1) Articles 4 to 7 of the present draft address the question of attribution of conduct to an international organization.

These ways do not involve questions of attribution but rather raise issues relating to the content of the obligation breached.

Applying harmonized cost classifications to the UNDP business model supports the proper attribution of cost to all sources of funds.

The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce needed a reliability test because of the general attribution rule contained in article 13.

UNFPA reported to the Executive Board that there is a problem with attribution in terms of the present set of indicators.

As proof of identity was related to the issue of attribution, the Commission had decided that it should not be addressed.

UNFPA also suggested that new partnerships and funding arrangements such as sector wide approaches (SWAps) raised issues of attribution and accountability.

Under draft article 6, attribution of nationality took effect on the date of succession in other words, it was generally retroactive.

Criteria and guidelines for the attribution of emission credits to Parties in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 6 of this Article

At least two of the comments received were in favour of deleting the provision altogether on the ground that, unlike the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce, the draft convention did not contain a provision on attribution of data messages and the notion of reliability was logically linked to attribution.

The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce originally needed a reliability test because it contained a general attribution rule in article 13.

The Working Group tried in 1997 and 1998 to devise an attribution rule to accompany its prescription of a standard of reliability.

Any revision of this attribution of responsibility would require amendment of the statute of ICSC, which the United Nations would not support.

Therefore, the current paragraph 3 (b) of article 9 of the draft convention imposes a general reliability requirement without any corollary attribution provision.

The attribution rule in the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce was ultimately limited to technology agreed between the signor and the relying party.

The definition of rules of the organization was given in draft article 4 for the purpose of the general rule on attribution of conduct.

The attribution of nationality in relation to the succession of States, as well as the acquisition of nationality following the exercise of an option, shall take effect on the date of such succession, if persons concerned would otherwise be stateless during the period between the date of the succession of States and such attribution or acquisition of nationality.

And if you cut the link between what is said and any attribution back to you, I mean, surely there are huge risks with that.

The draft convention, on the other hand, did not deal with attribution of electronic communications, so that there was no need for a reliability test.

The risk that families could be separated as a result of unintentional attribution of different nationalities to various members of a family should be eliminated.