51 191 United Nations Declaration against Corruption and Bribery in International Commercial Transactions

1. Reiterates its condemnation of corruption, bribery, money laundering and the illegal transfer of funds

(b) United Nations Declaration against Corruption and Bribery in International Commercial Transactions Resolution 51 191, annex.

Condemns corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of assets of illicit origin

1. Condemns corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of assets of illicit origin

1. Condemns corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of assets of illicit origin

3. Condemns corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of assets of illicit origin

1. Condemns corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of assets of illicit origin

Concerned about the links between corruption in all its forms, including bribery, corruption related money laundering and the transfer of assets of illicit origin, and other forms of crime, in particular organized crime and economic crime,

Concerned about the links between corruption in all its forms, including bribery, corruption related money laundering and the transfer of assets of illicit origin, and other forms of crime, in particular organized crime and economic crime,

Recognizing the importance of international cooperation and instruments of international and national laws and legislation for combating corruption, bribery and money laundering in international commercial transactions,

He is currently being held under house arrest and has reportedly received a lengthy suspended sentence, having been convicted on charges which included corruption and bribery.

Instances of bribery, theft of public funds and corruption continue to be reported and appear to be on the increase, particularly in the areas of procurement and customs.

The document brought together analytical work on anti corruption measures and commitments undertaken over a period of years in the elimination of bribery in international business transactions.

During the first Global Compact Leaders Summit, held on 24 June 2004, the Secretary General announced the addition of a tenth principle, against corruption, namely, that businesses should work against all forms of corruption, including extortion and bribery.

Complex regulations and government requirements, high compliance costs, ineffective bankruptcy laws, as well as bribery and corruption, are some of the main factors for poor people to remain informal.

In December 1996, the General Assembly adopted two important resolutions in the fight against corruption, namely the International Code of Conduct for Public Officials (resolution 51 59, annex) and the United Nations Declaration against Corruption and Bribery in International Commercial Transactions (resolution 51 191, annex).

It also takes part in an OECD project to prepare a glossary of international standards to combat corruption that will allow States to compare requirements created respectively by the United Nations Convention against Corruption, the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery and the Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption of 1998.

India is also handicapped by small scale corruption, with bribery a common feature of all forms of business and personal transactions. The government should crack down on instances of high level graft and use the new system of cash transfers to limit the scope of petty corruption.

Concerned about the links between corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of assets of illicit origin, and other forms of crime, in particular organized crime and economic crime,

Concerned about the links between corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of assets of illicit origin, and other forms of crime, in particular organized crime and economic crime,

Commending the efforts of the United Nations to address concerns about corruption in a global forum and the efforts of Member States to implement the various instruments and standards relating to corruption, including the United Nations Declaration against Corruption and Bribery in International Commercial TransactionsResolution 51 191, annex. and the International Code of Conduct for Public Officials,Resolution 51 59, annex.

Bribery of national public officials

Bribery in the private sector

Recalling its resolutions 53 176 of 15 December 1998 on action against corruption and bribery in international commercial transactions, 54 205 of 22 December 1999 on the prevention of corrupt practices and illegal transfer of funds and 55 61 of 4 December 2000 on an effective international legal instrument against corruption,

Encourages all Governments to prevent, combat and penalize corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of illicitly acquired assets, and to work for the prompt return of such assets through asset recovery consistent with the principles of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, particularly chapter V

Encourages all Governments to prevent, combat and penalize corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of illicitly acquired assets and to work for the prompt return of such assets through asset recovery consistent with the principles of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, particularly chapter V

In the same vein, the Declaration includes a set of measures that each country can implement at the national level in accordance with its own constitution to fight bribery and corruption in international commercial transactions.

6. Encourages all Governments to prevent, combat and penalize corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of illicitly acquired assets, and to work for the prompt return of such assets through asset recovery consistent with the principles of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, particularly chapter V

7. Encourages all Governments to prevent, combat and penalize corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of illicitly acquired assets, and to work for the prompt return of such assets through asset recovery consistent with the principles of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, particularly chapter V

4. Encourages all Governments to prevent, combat and penalize corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of illicitly acquired assets, and to work for the prompt return of such assets through asset recovery consistent with the principles of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, particularly chapter V

5. Encourages all Governments to prevent, combat and penalize corruption in all its forms, including bribery, money laundering and the transfer of illicitly acquired assets and to work for the prompt return of such assets through asset recovery consistent with the principles of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, particularly chapter V

In Germany, foreign bribery was allowed.

Convinced that corruption has become a major international concern, taking many forms, from routine cases of bribery or petty abuse of power to the amassing of personal wealth through embezzlement or other dishonest means,

The adoption of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions in 1997 criminalized the bribery of foreign officials, with the intent to reduce bribery by multinational companies of public officials in developing countries.

Bribery of foreign public officials and officials of public international organizations

2. Reiterates its condemnation of corruption, bribery, money laundering and the transfer of funds of illicit origin, and stresses its belief that those practices need to be prevented and that funds of illicit origin transferred abroad need to be returned after request and due process

These issues of tax havens, looted funds, bribery, and corruption are at the nexus of the urgent need to foster openness and transparency in financial transactions, and to ensure accountability at the global level. Now is the time to build momentum and deliver lasting results.

4. Requests the international community to support the efforts of all countries to strengthen institutional capacity and regulatory frameworks for preventing corruption, bribery, money laundering and illegal transfer of funds, as well as for the repatriation of those funds to the countries of origin

(h) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions adopted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development on 21 November 1997 See Corruption and Integrity Improvement Initiatives in Developing Countries (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.98.III.B.18).

4. Requests the international community to support the efforts of all countries to strengthen institutional capacity and regulatory frameworks for preventing corruption, bribery, money laundering and the transfer of funds of illicit origin, as well as for returning such funds to the countries of origin

6. Encourages all Governments to combat corruption, bribery, money laundering and the transfer of illicitly acquired funds and assets and to work for the return of such funds and assets to the countries of origin, and welcomes actions taken in that regard at the national and international levels

In 1997, the OECD Working Group on Bribery reviewed the 1994 recommendations and proposed a Revised Recommendation on Combating Bribery in International Business Transactions, which was adopted by the OECD Council on 23 May 1997.

6. Requests the international community to support national efforts to strengthen human and institutional capacity and regulatory frameworks for preventing corruption, bribery, money laundering and the transfer of funds and assets of illicit origin, and to assist in the return of such funds and assets to the countries of origin

For the congregation of hypocrites shall be desolate, and fire shall consume the tabernacles of bribery.