Item 4 Demand side issues

Ours is on the demand side.

B. Supply side constraints and policy options

The gap between actual and potential GDP is thus a gauge of an economy s spare capacity. The distinction is also useful for policy purposes weak potential growth cannot be addressed by demand side initiatives supply side measures are needed.

In addition, a number of supply side and demand side measures have been undertaken in accordance with the IPR's recommendations.

She noted that Lebanon had apparently signed the Palermo Protocol on sex trafficking and yet seemed to maintain a policy that focused exclusively on the supply or female side of prostitution, rather than include the demand or male side as well.

The mobilization of the demand side of the sustainable tourism equation is crucial.

Against this background, South Korea s new growth strategy should aim to achieve both a demand side rebalancing and supply side productivity increases.

B. Supply side constraints and policy options 21 26

This complex challenge must be tackled through a comprehensive approach that addresses both the supply side and the demand side of the equation.

While the safeguarding of fissile materials addressed the supply side of terrorism, it was also necessary to address the demand side of terrorism.

The most promising development on the demand side remains the surge in consumption in India.

and that the Commission endorsed the eco efficiency approach and stressed the need for an appropriate balance between supply side and demand side approaches,

These policies contain mostly quot no regrets quot measures, which could be subdivided into quot supply side quot and quot demand side quot ones.

Bribes and corruption have both a demand and a supply side, with the supply side being mostly of greedy corporate unethical businesses and hapless common man.

Some delegates noted that efforts to counter trafficking in persons should place equal emphasis on the demand side and on the supply side of the problem.

And the demand side being mostly politicians, bureaucrats and those who have discretionary power vested with them.

On the demand side, the lack of precise data on drug consumption continued to hamper decision making.

(i) Increased support as well as private concertation of demand side management initiatives in markets, where applicable.

This would result in a number of positive spillovers, on both the demand and the supply side.

44. The policy now generally espoused, including by the Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development, is for a fresh approach to SME support based on the principles of subsidiarity, sustainability, demand side orientation and targeted services.

To increase pressure on the supply side, demand should be reduced through prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and harm reduction measures.

For purposes of discussion, they may be broadly divided into (a) supply side approaches and (b) demand management measures.

In the short run, the non tradable sector is, by definition, subject to domestic demand constraints. A shortfall in non tradable demand inevitably limits growth on that side of the economy.

Interregional advisory services for policy development in demand reduction were provided for the production of a draft declaration on the guiding principles on demand reduction.

Anyone familiar with China s structural shifts on the supply and demand side will recognize some similarities with the German case.

The GM has supported its demand side focus in part through the provision of catalytic resources from its own budget.

The independent evaluation recommended that the GM rethink its choice to focus on the demand side of financial resource mobilization.

66. The obstacles encountered in developing collective bargaining in Guatemala demand an appropriate Government policy.

Policymakers initially resorted to government spending and low interest rates to boost demand. As government debt has ballooned and policy interest rates have hit rock bottom, central banks have focused on increasingly innovative policy to boost demand.

The Turkish side, however, had not yet given any sign of changing its intransigent policy.

The Global Mechanism has supported its demand side focus in part through the provision of catalytic resources from its own budget.

The emphasis is on enhancing public awareness, improving energy efficiency on the demand side and better management of the transport sector.

The interesting finding in the alternative policy scenario is that, with almost the same total investment, it is possible to reduce global energy demand by 10 per cent and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by 16 per cent by 2030, mainly by shifting investments from energy production to energy efficiency technologies, many of them on the demand side.

Demand side, as well as supply side, projects shall be taken into consideration, provided that a project activity results in a reduction of maximum 15 gigawatt hours (GWh), as illustrated by figure 1.

On the policy side, we have learned a good deal about increasing the effectiveness of aid.

The role of NGOs is increasing on the policy formulation side. It is not yet institutional.

In principle, the answer is straightforward. If a central bank has two policy targets, then it needs two instruments monetary policy to influence aggregate demand, and regulatory policy to limit financial risks.

The programme, which is coordinated by the Cabinet, includes a number of policies and measures with specific emphasis on increased energy efficiency on the supply side and on energy saving programmes on the demand side.

Furthermore, the Ministry has already initiated demand side financing pilots (e.g., vouchers for maternal health) as an alternative way of reaching the poor.

In this regard, provisions contained in many COP 6 decisions may be considered to point towards such collaborative arrangements where the secretariat's emphasis is on the demand' side, while the GM focuses on the supply' side.

On the demand side, exchange rate devaluations made non traditional exports more competitive and helped boost demand for relatively unskilled labor. On the supply side, a sharp increase in years of schooling, and especially in access to higher education, swelled the ranks of professionals and other skilled workers and helped lower their relative wages.

Likewise, taxi drivers will be more agreeable to the award of additional medallions if demand for their services is buoyant. Hence the continuing need for demand side measures, which puts the ball back in the ECB s court.

China acknowledges that high levels of air and water pollution create discomfort and harm the public s health. Government spending on remedying environmental damage could absorb substantial funds if demand side weakness exacerbates the expected supply side slowdown.

One speaker emphasized that any meaningful action against trafficking in human beings should also address the demand side of the issue, including child pornography.