Translation of "demand side substitutability" to Chinese language:


  Dictionary English-Chinese

Demand - translation : Side - translation :
侧

  Examples (External sources, not reviewed)

Ours is on the demand side.
我们是需求方
In addition, a number of supply side and demand side measures have been undertaken in accordance with the IPR's recommendations.
此外 根据投资政策审评的建议采取了一系列供方和需求方措施
The mobilization of the demand side of the sustainable tourism equation is crucial.
鼓励可持续旅游业公式中的需求一方至关重要
Against this background, South Korea s new growth strategy should aim to achieve both a demand side rebalancing and supply side productivity increases.
在此背景下 韩国新增长战略的目标应当是实现需求领域的再平衡和供给领域的生产率提高
This complex challenge must be tackled through a comprehensive approach that addresses both the supply side and the demand side of the equation.
我们必须通过全面的办法来对付这一复杂的挑战 从供应与需求两方面同时解决问题
Bribes and corruption have both a demand and a supply side, with the supply side being mostly of greedy corporate unethical businesses and hapless common man.
贿赂和腐败是供求的双方 供给的一方常常是 贪婪而又不道德的企业 以及不幸的普通人
And the demand side being mostly politicians, bureaucrats and those who have discretionary power vested with them.
需求的一方则通常是政客 官僚以及那些拥有 实权的人
In the short run, the non tradable sector is, by definition, subject to domestic demand constraints. A shortfall in non tradable demand inevitably limits growth on that side of the economy.
在短期 顾名思义 不可贸易部门受着国内需求的约束 不可贸易需求的短缺不可避免地成为经济中这方面的极限
There is only limited substitutability between technology and labour, and temporary movement of natural persons retains its importance for developing countries in trade related to distribution.
技术与劳动互换性有限 自然人的临时流动对发展中国家与分销有关的贸易仍然十分重要
Anyone familiar with China s structural shifts on the supply and demand side will recognize some similarities with the German case.
只要你熟悉中国从供给面向需求面的结构性变迁 就会对德国的情形感到似曾相识
Demand side, as well as supply side, projects shall be taken into consideration, provided that a project activity results in a reduction of maximum 15 gigawatt hours (GWh), as illustrated by figure 1.
(c) 需方以及供方项目都将被考虑在内 但条件是如图一所示 某一项目活动最多减少15千兆瓦时的能源消费量
However, an increasing body of evidence documents the positive impact of public investment on productivity and economic growth. It suggests complementarity rather than substitutability between private and public funds.
反对公共借款的另一个怀疑理由是 这会排挤私人投资 但是 越来越多的证据表明了公共投资对于生产率和经济增长的正面影响 这表明 私人投资和公共投资之间是互通有无而非相互取代的关系
On the demand side, exchange rate devaluations made non traditional exports more competitive and helped boost demand for relatively unskilled labor. On the supply side, a sharp increase in years of schooling, and especially in access to higher education, swelled the ranks of professionals and other skilled workers and helped lower their relative wages.
在需求端 汇率贬值让非传统出口更具竞争力 并有助于提振技能相对较低的劳动力的需求 在供给端 学习年限的大幅增加 特别是高等教育入学率的增加 扩大了专业人士和其他高技能工人的队伍 拉低了他们的相对工资
Likewise, taxi drivers will be more agreeable to the award of additional medallions if demand for their services is buoyant. Hence the continuing need for demand side measures, which puts the ball back in the ECB s court.
类似地 只要对出租车服务的需求旺盛 出租车司机也会支持改革 因为这样能使他们的收入升高 因此 需求端措施仍然需要 而这也需要欧洲央行出手
In this regard, provisions contained in many COP 6 decisions may be considered to point towards such collaborative arrangements where the secretariat's emphasis is on the demand' side, while the GM focuses on the supply' side.
52. 在此方面 可以认为缔约方会议第六届会议的许多决定中的规定指出了这种合作安排的方向 其中秘书处强调 需求 方面 而全球机制着重于 供给 方面
Meanwhile, a dramatic shift occurred on the demand side, as emerging economies grew and became middle income countries. Developing country producers, who in an earlier era accounted for a relatively small fraction of global demand, became major consumers.
与此同时 需求端产生了巨大的变化 新兴经济体成长为中等收入国家 发展中生产国成了主要消费者 而此前它们只占全球需求的很小一部分
China acknowledges that high levels of air and water pollution create discomfort and harm the public s health. Government spending on remedying environmental damage could absorb substantial funds if demand side weakness exacerbates the expected supply side slowdown.
环境问题是另一个严重拖累中国当前生活水平的问题 但在总需求大幅减少时 环境同时也是增加GDP的潜在方法 中国认识到 严重的空气和水污染制造了巨大的不安和公共卫生伤害 如果需求端疲软加剧预期中的供给端放缓问题 政府的环境破坏治理支出可以吸收大量资金
In this effort, companies must recognize that both demand and supply factors are or will be driving the transformation of their competitive landscapes. On the demand side, consumers expect a lot more from the products and services they use.
在改变过程中 公司必须认识到 供给和需求因素在或将推动它们的竞争格局的变化 在需求端 消费者期待从他们所使用的产品和服务中得到更多 他们想要速度 生产率和便利性 他们想要轻松的连通性和更大的定制规模 此外 TripAdvisor等服务的成功表明 消费者想要更多的参与 公司更快地用真实的改进响应他们的反馈
The gap between actual and potential GDP is thus a gauge of an economy s spare capacity. The distinction is also useful for policy purposes weak potential growth cannot be addressed by demand side initiatives supply side measures are needed.
因此 实际和潜在GDP之差就成为经济闲置产能的指标 这个差额还可用于政策目的 低迷的潜在增长更无法通过需求端措施解决 而是需要供给端措施
The pace of deficit reduction must be slowed, particularly in Spain, because output is determined in the short run by demand, and private demand cannot replace public demand until a degree of faith in the future is restored. This move toward support of effective demand must be combined with the kind of structural reforms that will allow more rapid, supply side growth in the longer term.
削减赤字的步伐必须放缓 特别是在西班牙 因为产量在短期内由需求决定 而除非对未来的信心在一定程度上得以恢复 否则私人需求就无法替代公共需求 上述支持有效需求的行动从长远看必须与能实现快速供应增长的结构性改革相结合
Rising sea levels, drought in Africa, and increasingly turbulent storms all pose a new type of threat that must be taken seriously. So measures to deal with energy security must address the demand side even more than the supply side.
海平面升高 非洲的干旱以及日益剧烈的风暴都构成一种新的威胁 必须严肃对待 所以 应付能源安全的措施必须要比供应方更加处理需求方
She noted that Lebanon had apparently signed the Palermo Protocol on sex trafficking and yet seemed to maintain a policy that focused exclusively on the supply or female side of prostitution, rather than include the demand or male side as well.
她指出 黎巴嫩表面上签署了 有关性买卖的帕勒莫议定书 但似乎维持着只注重卖淫的供方也就是妇女 而不是把需求方也就是男子也包括进来的政策
On the demand side, Parties identified various types of measures, ranging from regulatory to educational, and promotion of information, in the transport, residential, commercial and industrial subsectors.
在需求方面 缔约方提到了各种不同类型的措施 从规章制度一直到教育和宣传 涉及运输 居民 商业和工业等分部门
Soon, it will begin to taper off, and industrial output will approach full capacity. When demand begins to exceed supply, demand side stimulus policies will become increasingly ineffective, and it will be time to launch the third arrow of Abenomics growth enhancing structural reforms.
好消息是增税的影响只是暂时的 并将很快开始逐渐消失 而工业产量则会接近满负荷 当需求开始超过供给的时候 需求端的刺激政策将逐渐变得无效 是时候射出安倍经济学的第三支箭 强化增长的结构性改革
Reducing dependence on external demand for example, by promoting private sector investment and encouraging household expenditure is crucial. Supply side policies that promote small and medium size enterprises and service industries accommodating domestic demand are also critical to ensuring more inclusive and sustainable growth.
第三 新兴经济体必须进一步重新平衡其资源和增长 降低对外部需求的依赖 比如 通过刺激私人部门投资和鼓励家庭支出 是一大关键 支持中小企业 帮助产业适应内需的供给面政策对于确保包容性和可持续增长也很重要
The demand side measures focused on the removal of a number of specific barriers to investment, as well as on the improvement of the information provided to investors.
需求方措施着眼于消除一系列具体的投资障碍以及改进为投资人提供的信息
I am convinced, for example, that over the years there has been too much regulatory capture by the supply side of the financial services market, with its well organized and powerful lobbies. By contrast, there has been too little engagement on the demand side.
例如 我深信 多年来在金融服务市场的供给方面 金融机构通过其组织良好且强有力的游说工作 对政府部门有许多 监管俘虏 regulatory capture 与此相对的是 金融服务市场的需求方面却没有多少保证 对这种不均衡 立法者必须有更清醒的认识
For actual GDP, such frequent and large forecast revisions are inevitable. Potential GDP, however, is supposed to be more stable, as it does not depend on demand side developments.
对实际GDP来说 如此频繁和大幅度的预测修正是难免的 但是 潜在GDP应该更加稳定 因为它不依赖需求端发展趋势
But, for individual economies, relative productivity versus income levels determines the share of global tradable aggregate demand that is accessible. Unlike the non tradable side of the economy, the domestic component of global tradable demand is not an absolute constraint on growth nor is the rate of growth of global tradable demand an absolute constraint, given the possibility of increasing share.
但是 对于具体国家而言 生产率与收入水平的相对比较决定了其在可实现全球可贸易总需求中所占的份额 与经济中的不可贸易部门不同 全球可贸易需求中的内需部分并不是增长的绝对约束 全球可贸易需求增长率亦然 这是因为存在扩大份额的可能
However, since youth feel that entrepreneurship is only part of the solution, they encourage youth employment policies to focus on both the supply and the demand side of the labour market.
但青年人觉得创业只是解决方法的一部分 他们鼓励将青年就业政策的重点放在劳动力市场的供求两个方面
It also means getting the balance between domestic and external demand right, and appreciating the sensitivity of medium and long term growth to the composition (and size) of domestic aggregate demand. Against this background, monetary policymakers must be cautious, because low interest rates can shift the growth model back toward leverage and domestic consumer demand, stalling the structural shift to the tradable side that is underway.
这也意味着保持内需和外需的合理平衡 提高中期和长期对国内总需求的组成 和规模 的敏感性 在这样的背景下 货币政策必须谨慎 因为低利率可能让增长模式重回杠杆和国内消费需求 阻碍正在发生的向可贸易部门转变的结构性变化
The main point is that restoring growth requires a careful analysis of structural balance, attention to demand constraints in the non tradable sector, and a focus on the impediments to expanding the tradable sector. Some of those impediments are supply side rigidities others have more to do with bloated domestic demand.
关键点在于 重塑增长需要对结构性平衡进行仔细分析 注意不可贸易部门的需求约束 并专注于扩张可贸易部门的阻碍因素 一些阻碍因素在于供给面刚性 一些阻碍因素与内需过剩关系更大 要实现更鲁棒的复苏 两者都不可忽视
Metropolitan agriculture in a rapidly urbanizing world can provide high quality produce on small amounts of land. It offers an answer to rising demand for healthy food with minimal environmental side effects.
4 在一个高速城市化的世界中 都市型农业能凭借少量的土地供应高质量的农产品 这为如何满足对健康食品不断增长的需求 同时又对环境的副作用最小这一问题提供了一个答案
The stagnant incomes of the majority of US workers are undermining economic growth on the demand side (by discouraging household consumption) and on the supply side (through adverse effects on educational opportunity, human capital development, and innovation). It is time to take action to promote stronger and more equitable growth.
大部分美国员工收入停滞阻正在从需求端 通过遏制家庭消费 和供给端 通过对教育机会 人力资本开发以及创新的消极影响 阻挠经济增长 应该采取行动推进更强劲 更平等的增长 克林顿的利润分享方案是迈向正确方向的一步
4. Metropolitan agriculture in a rapidly urbanizing world can provide high quality produce on small amounts of land. It offers an answer to rising demand for healthy food with minimal environmental side effects.
4 在一个高速城市化的世界中 都市型农业能凭借少量的土地供应高质量的农产品 这为如何满足对健康食品不断增长的需求 同时又对环境的副作用最小这一问题提供了一个答案
But this was just the flip side of what Keynes had worried about insufficient global aggregate demand. The search for return contributed to the reckless leverage and risk taking that underlay this crisis.
有一阵子 人们以几乎以赞许的口气谈论大量的流动资金 但这只是凯恩斯曾担心的问题的另一面 全球总需求的不足 对回报的追求对造成这次危机的鲁莽的杠杆作用和冒险起了推波助澜的作用
On the demand side, the ongoing economic slowdown in China is starting to affect companies orders and revenues, adding to the challenges stemming from the persistently sluggish US economy. Meanwhile, the euro s recent appreciation (particularly against the Japanese yen) limits Europe s ability to compensate for anemic global demand by capturing greater market share.
欧洲的外部环境也不太乐观 在需求端 中国经济的持续减速正在开始影响公司订单和收入 这使得因美国经济持续不振导致的挑战更加艰巨了 与此同时 欧元最近的升值 特特别是对日元的升值 限制了欧洲通过获得更大的市场份额抵消全球需求萎靡的能力
In such economies, that pattern not only typically depended on leverage it also enlarged the non tradable side of the economy and shrank the tradable side. And yet, given that the non tradable sector is constrained by its reliance on domestic demand, recovery if it comes will depend on the tradable sector s growth potential.
许多发达经济体仍必须克服来自内需过剩的危机前增长模式的结束造成的后果 在这些经济体中 这一模式不仅往往依赖于杠杆 也常常扩大了经济中的不可贸易部门 压缩了可贸易部门 此外 由于不可贸易部门受其对内需的依赖 复苏 即使到来 将取决于可贸易部门的增长潜力
While a regulatory overhaul of offshore drilling procedures and policies is clearly necessary, it will be insufficient to reduce the risk of spills and accidents if it is not accompanied by other demand side measures. For example, now is the time to begin reducing US oil demand through improved fuel economy standards and or progressive increases in fuel taxes.
即便对离岸钻井程序和政策的调整制订已是当务之急 但如果缺乏其他控制需求方面的措施的话 效果就必然是不全面的 比如说 现在就是时候用提高燃料经济性标准以及 或者是提高燃油税的方法来降低美国的石油需求 这两项措施都是非常有必要的 因为当燃料使用效率在近年获得少量改进之时 人们更加长途的旅行却抹杀了这些改进
INFOCAP is comprehensive in that it strives to include information about the supply of capacity building assistance (projects, training materials, funding opportunities, etc), as well as priorities and action plans in beneficiary countries (the demand side).
INFOCAP是综合性的 它力图包括关于能力建设援助 项目 培训材料 供资机会等 的 供应 以及受益国中重点和行动计划 需求 方面 的信息
The UK side can address energy demand gap, and the sides of both China and France can find the market for their own advantageous technologies and products in the field of nuclear power, benefiting more people.
英方可以缓解能源需求缺口 中法双方则可以为自身在核电领域的优势技术及产品找到市场 造福更多民众
New geopolitical realities demand new forms of global governance, with a greater voice for developing and emerging countries. The US prevailed in Addis, but it also showed itself to be on the wrong side of history.
新的地缘政治现实要求新形式的全球治理 发展中国家和新兴市场必须获得更大的话语权 美国在亚的斯亚贝巴得逞了 但它站在了历史的错误道路上
As for the official banking sector, liberalization of interest rates on deposits, scheduled for 2016, will reduce financial repression and implicit investment subsidies. That, in turn, should help to rebalance the demand side of the growth pattern.
而对正式银行部门来说 计划在2016年实施的放宽储蓄利率政策将减少金融压制以及隐含的投资补贴 这也相应会有助于重新平衡增长模式的需求方面
No limits were ever imposed on players movements, except by Communist countries. But the demand side was heavily regulated, owing to a rule that clubs could field no more than two foreign players in any single game.
足球因此而揭示出真正的劳务全球化如何运作 像其他职业一样 对足球领域中的劳务流动限制完全来自于需求方 除了共产国家外 球员的流动没有任何限制 但是 由于规则规定俱乐部不得在单场比赛中有两名以上的外籍球员上场 因此需求方受到重重管制
This explanation may seem even more paradoxical than the first, but the logic is straightforward Governments often try to escape the hard task of improving economic efficiency through supply side reforms and rely on demand side fixes instead. So, when confronted with a growth slowdown caused by structural factors, many countries responded by lowering interest rates and stimulating credit.
这一解释看上去比第一个解释还要矛盾 但逻辑很清楚 政府常常试图摆脱通过供给端改革改善经济效率的艰巨任务 而依靠供给端措施 因此 当面临因结构性因素引起的增长减速时 许多国家的应对措施时降低利率和刺激信用

 

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