However, when corruption among political parties and parliamentarians is endemic, it erodes public trust and confidence in leadership.

Whether the corruption is described as acute, crude, endemic, systemic, refined or polished, corruption engenders the denial of all rights, in particular economic, social and cultural rights, impacting negatively mainly on the poor.

In response, the entity governments committed themselves to implementing reforms aimed at improving management practices and eliminating endemic corruption in the public sector.

Corruption is widely believed to be endemic in the country s police, secret service, administration, government, and Prosecutor s Office. On Transparency International s Corruption Perceptions Index 2010, Ukraine scored 2.4 on a scale from zero (highly corrupt) to 10 (very clean).

Given that endemic corruption in Bangladesh is perhaps the primary obstacle to providing essential services for poor people, it is essential that Hasina adopt a tough approach to corruption from the outset. Corruption is also a potential trigger for intervention by the military, a recurring feature of Bangladesh s history that has consistently impeded the country s development.

Moreover, the north s troubles are only part of a wider national story of surging unemployment, restless young people, endemic corruption, and a growing sense of hopelessness. Jonathan appears to be incapable of tackling the official corruption that, as the US report emphasized, pervades all sectors, from the police to the courts.

Finally, the corruption that was endemic in Qaddafi s regime endures, with ministry officials accepting bribes, for example, in exchange for contracts. For their part, the militias that overthrew Qaddafi have released prisoners in exchange for ransom payments.

However, notwithstanding our efforts, poverty remains endemic in Africa.

Finally, South Africa s problems reflect a loss of confidence in the government, endemic corruption, massive infrastructure needs, and restrictive labor market and foreign investment regulation. And, in terms of reform, President Jacob Zuma is not headed in the right direction.

Indeed, such is China s political system that only the strongest advance. One fallen princeling, Bo, has been accused of cruelty and corruption traits that are endemic in China s cloistered but fragmented oligarchy, which values family lineage and relies on networks of allies.

Illiberal democratic policies and practices are present almost everywhere in Latin America a distortive electoral system in Chile, persistent violence in Mexico and Colombia, and endemic corruption among lawmakers in Brazil all limit citizens ability to express their views effectively and shape policy.

Syrians have experienced uninterrupted dictatorship for 40 years, and, with it, extreme economic hardship, including high unemployment, rising food prices, and endemic corruption. They are also now suffering from water shortages and a budget deficit that has been exacerbated by declining oil revenues.

Finally, skepticism persists with regard to the Mexican economy s capacity to achieve sustainable 4 5 annual economic growth the bare minimum needed to ensure long term prosperity. Deficient education, infrastructure, security, and courts, together with endemic corruption and scant entrepreneurial dynamism, militate against excessive optimism.

4. Urges malaria endemic countries to increase domestic resource allocation to malaria control

Rather, the process remains open and indeterminate. EU Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighborhood Policy Štefan Füle insists that enlargement is progressing, but the western Balkans remains a fragile region, defined by mutually antagonistic nationalisms, incomplete state formation, deep and pervasive patterns of corruption, and endemic economic mismanagement.

Iodine deficiency is traditionally endemic in many of the areas affected by the Chernobyl accident.

In Latin America and the Caribbean, social and economic inequality remain endemic in many countries.

Beyond that, what I found most fascinating was the level of endemic corruption that I saw across all different countries, and particularly centered around the heart of power, around public officials who were embezzling the public's money for their own personal enrichment, and allowed to do that because of official secrecy.

In this context, the decision to retain the CFA franc, a freely convertible common currency that is pegged to the euro at a significantly overvalued exchange rate, is dubious. The current scheme breeds structural fiscal deficits, excessive reliance on imports, endemic corruption, money laundering, narcotics trafficking, and massive capital flight.

It was not only the endemic corruption of the official Palestinian leadership that turned so many Palestinians from it. Hamas set up better schools, kindergartens, crèches for mothers, medical centers, welfare services, and programs for youth and women all of this in addition giving special grants to the families of suicide bombers.

Mr. Taal (Gambia) agreed that poverty was endemic to the Gambia, as to most developing countries in Africa.

That is that people talk about corruption, corruption.

The plant was designed for the production of vaccine for three foot and mouth disease strains endemic to Iraq.

The plant was designed for the production of vaccine for foot and mouth disease, which is endemic in Iraq.

Over the years, corruption has become endemic in China, with regional party leaders and bosses in state owned enterprises wielding their vast privileges and authority to accumulate personal wealth. This has severely undermined the Chinese Communist Party s legitimacy, while hampering the kind of market based competition that China s economy needs to propel the country to high income status.

Official outlays could be expanded to mobilize the development and purchase of vaccines and cures for diseases endemic to Africa.

Malaria, which is currently endemic in many non Annex Parties, is expected to increase with the advent of climate change.

Corruption.

At that time, I noticed that corruption, that grand corruption, that systematic corruption, was undermining everything we were trying to do.

To broaden the awareness about garbage selection, recycling, organic fertilizer factories, reforestation, reintroduction of endemic species of the fauna and flora.

For a majority of malaria endemic regions, the main group of alternative insecticides currently applied for indoor residual spraying are pyrethroids.

Verena Blechinger, Sectoral Perspectives on Corruption, Corruption and Political Parties , November 2002.

Police corruption.

While these problems are endemic in the country, they are particularly acute in border areas, which have suffered from decades of armed conflict.

Malaria is endemic in three quarters of the country's land mass, and about two thirds of the population is at risk of infection.

Criminalization of corruption

Measures against corruption

(h) Combating corruption

Getting Corruption Right

Who Beats Corruption?

And multiplied corruption.

And multiplied corruption.

CORRUPTION HOW EFFECTIVE?

(a) Combating corruption

It highlighted the universality of the phenomenon of corruption and explored some general and specific manifestation of corruption, including cases of corruption in the private sector.