B. Exchange rate fluctuations

Accounting for exchange rate fluctuations

(n) Reserve for exchange rate fluctuations

losses due to exchange rate fluctuations, as well as for additional funds.

Mindful of the need to address the issue of fluctuations in the euro United States dollar exchange rate in such a manner as to reduce the risk of exchange rate fluctuations,

Market exchange rates should be used, except when multiple exchange rates, high inflation rates or sharp market fluctuations prevailed.

Results from fluctuations in exchange rates amounted to a net gain of 12,244.

Options for dealing with exchange rate fluctuations Following the COP request to protect the budget from adverse effects of exchange rate fluctuations, the secretariat has consulted other international organizations on measures taken to that end.

Exchange rate fluctuations, 1994 and 1996 Figure IVa Donor assistance to UNFPA core resources, 1995 1997

On the other hand, dollar oscillations increase costs and uncertainties that are associated with fluctuations in exchange rates.

109. One member noted the current difficult economic situation in Asia, especially the abrupt fluctuations in exchange rates.

It hoped that the funds released as a result of exchange rate fluctuations would be allocated to development activities.

The report provides details on the methodology used in the recosting of exchange rate fluctuations and inflation (A 60 599, paras.

Nonetheless, the economies made should be used, wherever possible, to compensate for additional expenditure arising from inflation and exchange rate fluctuations.

Since expenses in this budget line are incurred mostly in euros, the overexpenditure is largely due to the exchange rate fluctuations.

All organizations whose expenditures, like those of the secretariat, are predominantly incurred in local currency experience problems arising from exchange rate fluctuations.

For exchange rate fluctuations, cost adjustments update previous assumptions on the basis of actual monthly operational rates in the country of operation.

Due to the exchange rate fluctuations and increase in staff costs, there was an overexpenditure in sections Staff costs and Operating expenditures .

36. On the other hand, there were also the savings or surpluses resulting from fluctuations in the rates of exchange and inflation.

Consequently, the General Assembly had effectively approved the use of the profits earned from exchange rate fluctuations for funding specific programme activities.

Exchange rate fluctuations are due in part to the increasing influx of counterfeit currency, the printing of which is reported to be continuing.

47. Miscellaneous other services. Additional requirements of 68,600 resulted from higher bank charge costs in Monrovia and losses due to exchange rate fluctuations.

(b) Fluctuations

5. Paragraphs 17 to 19 of the performance report provide information on the reduced requirements of 27.6 million resulting from favourable exchange rate fluctuations.

Conscious of the volatility of the currency exchange markets and the significant risk that unanticipated exchange rate changes have on operations, management will continue to assess and manage the risks posed by volatile currency fluctuations.

Conscious of the volatility of the currency exchange markets and the significant risk that unanticipated exchange rate changes have on operations, management will continue to assess and manage the risks posed by volatile currency fluctuations.

In paragraph 20, the Board recommended that the Secretariat provide comments on exchange rate fluctuations in the financial report that should accompany the financial statements.

A contingency for conference services Options to protect the funds of the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol against the adverse effects of exchange rate fluctuations.

It also supported Cuba s request for information on the amount of savings made by the end of September as a result of exchange rate fluctuations.

The Aide Memoire on exchange rate fluctuations explained that while these fluctuations could cause significant disruption to UNHCR's financial position in the short term, their impact was generally neutralized' over time as the effects on income were offset by similar effects on expenditure.

(vi) Use of market exchange rates, except where this causes excessive fluctuations or distortions in the income of some Member States, when price adjusted rates of exchange or other appropriate conversion rates are to be employed

As a result of the above described procedures and excluding the impacts from exchange rate fluctuations in 2003, we noted minor overexpenditures within single budget lines.

46. On the question of exchange rates, the first performance report submitted in December 1996 contained the earnings realized as a result of exchange rate fluctuations during 1996, which would yield estimated savings of nearly 60 million.

Currency fluctuations lower levels.

(b) Effects of fluctuations in exchange rate on the remuneration of the members of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (SPLOS 2005 WP.2)

Expenditures actually incurred in 2003 increased by some 30 per cent, primarily as a result of exchange rate fluctuations, as the average euro to dollar exchange rate applied in 2003 increased from 0,836 in 2002 to 1,1876 in 2003.

Such adjustments reflect, in particular, the fluctuations in vacancy rates and standard costs, inflation and exchange rates as compared with the assumptions used for establishing the approved budget.

The ultimate goal should be to significantly reduce exposure to risks in such instances as foreign exchange rate fluctuations, maturity mismatch, lack of liquidity, and concentrated credit exposures.

47. However, possible earnings from exchange rate fluctuations during 1997 were more or less hypothetical and it was impossible to accurately quantify them before the year ended, since there were no guarantees that the favourable exchange rates would be maintained.

It would therefore welcome information on the amount of savings which the Secretariat believed could be achieved by the end of 1997 as a result of currency exchange rate fluctuations, the principal currencies concerned and the anticipated rates of exchange for those currencies.

For example, under the Plaza Accord, the US joined with Japan, Germany, and other G 7 countries in 1985 to intervene cooperatively to weaken the dollar. Indeed, a majority of countries pursue either fixed exchange rates, exchange rate targets, or managed floating, all of which by definition entail buying and selling foreign exchange to moderate or eliminate exchange rate fluctuations.

However, during the implementation, because of exchange rate fluctuations or other price increases that are out of UNICEF control, the resource needs may exceed those of the original project budget.

Measures to deal with currency fluctuations

But there will also be large fluctuations.

The fluctuations are a part in 100,000.