Debt sustainability is also affected by vulnerability to external shocks.

We are attentively following the international debate on the concept of the sustainability of external debt.

Debt sustainability and debt relief

The sustainability of a country's external debt is determined by the projected flows of revenues and expenditures, including those for servicing debt, as well as changes in exchange rates.

Sustainability of public debt has replaced sustainability of private debt as the biggest threat to financial stability, and the focus of debate about the US current account has shifted from the sustainability of foreign debt to the impact of reducing the external deficit on growth and employment. The dilemma facing US policymakers is how to stimulate growth while lowering the level of total debt.

External debt

External debt

Haiti External debt

External public debt

Debt sustainability indicators for Haiti are mixed.

Recent developments in external debt

Servicing of external public debt

21. Calls for a comprehensive and sustainable solution to the external debt problems of African countries, including cancellation or restructuring for heavily indebted African countries not part of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative that have unsustainable debt burdens, and emphasizes the importance of debt sustainability

Need for broader external debt relief

Macroeconomic policy questions external debt crisis

Oral statements in plenary on CTT and debt sustainability.

Emphasizing the important role that private sector creditors play in debt relief and debt sustainability,

Unlike other Latin American, Caribbean and Central American countries, Guatemala's external debt situation is stable, with normal debt servicing loads and external debt indicators in the moderate range.

59 223. External debt crisis and development

60 187. External debt crisis and development

61 188. External debt crisis and development

58 203. External debt crisis and development

Table 1 Africa's external debt, 1970 2002

58 203 External debt crisis and development

58 203 External debt crisis and development

Any approach to the issue must continue to explore the problem of our countries' external debt, linking the important concept of debt sustainability not only to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), but also to the MDGs plus , or additional millennium development goals.

(c) External debt crisis and development (A 60 139)

Thus, the Paris Club's Evian approach relies on IMF Debt Sustainability Analysis for determining the terms of debt reschedulings.

33 UNCTAD is implementing a project on development strategy and debt sustainability, which also integrates aspects of debt management.

There should also be an undertaking to review the debt sustainability criteria.

21. Calls for a comprehensive and sustainable solution to the external debt problems of African countries, including cancellation or restructuring, as appropriate, and on a case by case basis, for heavily indebted African countries not part of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative that have unsustainable debt burdens, and emphasizes the importance of debt sustainability

Invites donor countries, taking into account country specific debt sustainability analyses, to continue their efforts to increase bilateral grants to developing countries, which could contribute to debt sustainability in the medium to long term, and recognizes the need for countries to be able to invest, inter alia, in health and education while maintaining debt sustainability

Greece is also the canary in the coal mine for the euro zone, where all the PIIGS economies (Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain) suffer from the twin problems of public debt sustainability and external debt sustainability. Euro accession and bull market convergence trades pushed bond yields in these countries toward the level of German bunds, with the ensuing credit boom supporting excessive consumption growth.

23. Urges the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to implement national comprehensive strategies to monitor and manage external liabilities, embedded in the domestic preconditions for debt sustainability, including sound macroeconomic and public resource management

Closely related to ODA is the issue of external debt.

1989 Master of Political Science (External debt of Latin America).

How can the Secretary General's proposed definition of debt sustainability be made operational?

62 186. External debt and development towards a durable solution to the debt problems of developing countries

19. Invites donor countries, taking into account country specific debt sustainability analyses, to continue their efforts to increase bilateral grants to developing countries, which could contribute to debt sustainability in the medium to long term, and recognizes the need for countries to be able to invest, inter alia, in health and education while maintaining debt sustainability

19. Invites donor countries, taking into account country specific debt sustainability analyses, to continue their efforts to increase bilateral grants to developing countries, which could contribute to debt sustainability in the medium to long term, and recognizes the need for countries to be able to invest, inter alia, in health and education while maintaining debt sustainability

21. Invites donor countries, taking into account country specific debt sustainability analyses, to continue their efforts to increase bilateral grants to developing countries, which could contribute to debt sustainability in the medium to long term, and recognizes the need for countries to be able to invest, inter alia, in health and education while maintaining debt sustainability

Fiscal adjustment was also necessary to limit external vulnerability and the increase of external debt in relation to GDP.

How can the resolution of debt sustainability problems facing middle income countries be facilitated?

In December 2001, the Government declared default on its external debt.

The objective is to tailor debt restructuring to the financial needs of the country concerned and to ensure debt sustainability and an exit from Paris Club debt reschedulings.