External debt

External debt

Haiti External debt

External public debt

Recent developments in external debt

Servicing of external public debt

Need for broader external debt relief

Macroeconomic policy questions external debt crisis

Unlike other Latin American, Caribbean and Central American countries, Guatemala's external debt situation is stable, with normal debt servicing loads and external debt indicators in the moderate range.

59 223. External debt crisis and development

60 187. External debt crisis and development

61 188. External debt crisis and development

58 203. External debt crisis and development

Table 1 Africa's external debt, 1970 2002

58 203 External debt crisis and development

58 203 External debt crisis and development

Sources OECD, statistical annex to 2004 Development Cooperation Report (net ODA receipts, ODA GNI) UNCTAD, Handbook of Statistics, 2004 (exports of merchandise) World Bank, World Development Indicators 2005 (external debt, GDP).

(c) External debt crisis and development (A 60 139)

Debt sustainability is also affected by vulnerability to external shocks.

Closely related to ODA is the issue of external debt.

1989 Master of Political Science (External debt of Latin America).

62 186. External debt and development towards a durable solution to the debt problems of developing countries

Figure 2 shows the breakdown between new (net) transfers and debt forgiveness.

Fiscal adjustment was also necessary to limit external vulnerability and the increase of external debt in relation to GDP.

In December 2001, the Government declared default on its external debt.

Special communiqué on the swapping of external debt for investment in education

In Yemen, total external debt has been rising as a result of substantial budget deficits. That process appears to have accelerated in 2004, and total external debt is estimated at some 6.6 billion.

An estimated 2.06 billion in nominal debt service relief has been committed to Bolivia.12 However, Bolivia's external debt at the end of 2003 was higher than it was prior to receiving debt relief in 2001,13 as the net present value of its debt to exports ratio rose by 117 per cent, reaching 176 per cent at the end of 2003, above the HIPC sustainable threshold of 150 per cent.

It is estimated that the debt export ratio in net present value terms is high (187 per cent), suggesting that Haiti's debt is unsustainable.

The Government of Jordan continued its efforts to restructure the public debt stock, gradually replacing external by domestic sources with the external debt to GDP ratio declining from 76.4 per cent to 69.7 per cent during 2003 2004.

Figure 15 Indicators for external debt (as a percentage of exports of goods and services)

In Iraq, excessive external debt levels and massive war reparations are major obstacles to reconstruction.

Emphasizing the importance of finding a durable solution for those developing countries that have difficulties in meeting their external debt and debt servicing obligations,

This suggests that net private borrowing using debt instruments has been rather small over this recent period.

In general, the Gulf Cooperation Council countries maintain low or modest external debt stocks and debt to GDP ratios and have accumulated substantial foreign assets.

Construction fund earnings would be applied to the annual debt service requirement, thereby reducing the net annual debt service to be met by the set aside procedure.

Recalling its resolution 58 203 of 23 December 2003 on the external debt crisis and development,

(c) External debt crisis and development (continued) (A C.2 60 L.3 and L.51)

See report of the Secretary General entitled External debt crisis and development (A 59 219), paras.

(c) External debt crisis and development report of the Second Committee (A 60 486 Add.3)

External debt posed a pressing problem and restricted the Government's ability to implement poverty reduction programmes.

We are attentively following the international debate on the concept of the sustainability of external debt.

Malawi, therefore, supports the proposal to find comprehensive and durable solutions to the external debt problem.

In Egypt, the level of external debt remained steady, amounting to 29.5 billion in September 2004.

The main pillar of our programme is the fiscal adjustment needed to limit external vulnerability and the increase of Croatia's external debt to gross domestic product ratio.