All countries should attack the cause of that downturn in a spirit of global cooperation.

And there is a slight downturn.

We already have a full blown global recession. Unless governments get ahead of the problem, we risk a severe worldwide downturn unlike anything we have seen since the 1930 s.

Now you see this slight downturn at very advanced ages.

Despite another technological revolution, productivity growth is slumping again. And this time the downturn is global in scope, affecting the world s two largest economies, the US and China, most of all.

In earlier crises, as in East Asia a decade ago, recovery was quick, because the affected countries could export their way to renewed prosperity. But this is a synchronous global downturn.

The size of France s political crisis seems to be out of proportion with the country s real situation. To be sure, France has been severely hit by the global financial crisis and economic downturn.

As the United States is restoring full employment, the economic downturn is inevitable.

The downturn in national production is reflected in most sectors of the economy.

Ordinarily, as the world comes out of a downturn and global interest rates rise, at least one or two emerging market countries suffers a spectacular blowup. Not likely this time, at least for the next year.

Despite the downturn, building industry continues to be a major employer in the Territory.

Even without any portfolio shift, Americans shouldn t expect their recent luck to hold up in the future. If there is a global downturn, any region that is long stocks and short bonds is going to get burned.

It would fall into arrears once again if there was a downturn in special projects.

It is held culpable for the near financial meltdown. But 30 years of hindsight enable us to judge which elements of the Thatcher revolution should be preserved, and which should be amended in the light of today s global economic downturn.

None of these risks implies that the monetary union will inevitably be a victim of this severe economic downturn. But the downturn will be a more severe test for the euro than any that it faced during its first ten years.

Asians need not be pessimistic the perfect storm of a hard landing in China, a double dip recession in the United States, and a collapse of the eurozone is unlikely. But they cannot rule out the downside risk of a synchronized global downturn.

BERKELEY The global financial crisis has breathed new life into hoary arguments about the euro s imminent demise. Such arguments often invoke Milton Friedman, who warned in 1998 that Europe s commitment to the euro would be tested by the first serious economic downturn.

The company said additional cuts would give the company the room needed to move through the market downturn.

The Chinese economy s dynamism is highly dependent on exports, which would suffer greatly from a collapse of emerging markets. In fact, China, with its need for high growth to pay for social peace, may be the country most at risk from a severe global downturn.

The global economy s downturn increases countries political risk to varying degrees, depending on the severity of the shock and the nature of the implied social contract. Political systems in which power is least controlled, and the abuse of wealth greatest, are most at risk.

That very human lesson, more than 20 years ago, served me well during the last economic downturn we had.

Titik balik terjadi pada tahun 2013, ketika ekspektasi kenaikan suku bunga di Amerika Serikat dan penurunan harga harga komoditas global mengakhiri bonanza aliran modal tahunan yang selama ini menyokong pertumbuhan di negara negara ekonomi rendah. Kemunduran yang dialami Tiongkok akhir akhir ini, yang memicu turbulensi di pasar modal global dan semakin melemahkan harga harga komoditas, telah memperburuk kemunduran (downturn) di negara negara tersebut.

CAMBRIDGE In the early days of the global financial crisis, there was some optimism that developing countries would avoid the downturn that advanced industrial countries experienced. After all, this time it was not they that had engaged in financial excess, and their economic fundamentals looked strong.

It seems most likely, but no one really knows. The financial crisis, morphing quickly into a global economic downturn, resulted not just from a failure to react to growing instability, risk, and imbalance, but also from a widespread pre crisis inability to see the rising systemic risk.

And companies around the world, big and small, have been succumbing to it since the beginning of the global economic downturn. As companies are forced to look to their bottom line and become leaner, they cut investment in research and development, employee development and training, infrastructure, and more.

One of the more important medium term initiatives urged by the UN Commission is the creation of a global economic coordinating council, which would not only coordinate economic policy, but would also assess impending problems and institutional gaps. As the downturn deepens, several countries may, for example, face bankruptcy.

In that connection, the current downturn in the percentage of GNP allocated to official development assistance was a continuing cause for concern.

The predictive significance of oil prices is indeed impressive, but only as a contrary indicator Falling oil prices have never correctly predicted an economic downturn. On all recent occasions when the price of oil was halved 1982 1983, 1985 1986, 1992 1993, 1997 1998, and 2001 2002 faster global growth followed.

Then came the debt crisis of the 1980 s, the extreme nbsp structural reforms and financial collapses of the 1990 s, and a new global downturn in 2001. Such traumatic events plunged these countries into the so called middle income trap unable to grow nor to continue broadening their middle classes.

In contrast to last year, when the rush home for the lunar New Year celebration was hampered by freak storms, this year millions of migrant workers have already returned to their rural homes. Many will be staying there, because the global economic downturn has hit China hard, costing them their jobs.

Then came the debt crisis of the 1980 s, the extreme structural reforms and financial collapses of the 1990 s, and a new global downturn in 2001. Such traumatic events plunged these countries into the so called middle income trap unable to grow nor to continue broadening their middle classes.

In the last three years, I've traveled to 45 different countries, working with schools and companies in the midst of an economic downturn.

During 2002 2003, forms of state support were affected by a series of budget cutbacks leading to a downturn in the nation's economy.

However, the downturn in the sector is mainly attributable to a fall in the number of Japanese tourists, the mainstay of the industry.

22. This process had begun to reverse itself as early as 1993 and was accelerated by the downturn in the level of activity.

LONDON One question has dominated the International Monetary Fund s annual meeting this year in Peru Will China s economic downturn trigger a new financial crisis just as the world is putting the last one to bed? But the assumption underlying that question that China is now the global economy s weakest link is highly suspect.

The truth that politicians (David Cameron s UK government excluded, at least for now) are reluctant to admit is that Western Europe s current morass is distinct from the global US made downturn. Old Europe has entered into a severe and intractable crisis of the welfare state as ordinary Europeans have come to know it.

This happened in 1980 1981, when the US Federal Reserve raised real interest rates, ostensibly to kill inflation, inducing a global economic downturn as well. This contributed not only to sovereign debt and fiscal crises, but also to protracted stagnation outside East Asia, including Latin America s lost decade and Africa s quarter century retreat.

The eight new CEE member countries of the European Union (EU) the group mostly affected by the downturn in 2003 experienced the most vigorous increase.

August 12 report on Cankaoxiaoxi website Japan's largest oil company JX Energy believes that China's export expansion is one of the reasons for the market downturn.

China s real estate price bubble is often named as a likely catalyst for a crisis. But how such a downturn would unfold is far from certain.

This comparatively benign situation reflects Colombia s relatively favorable macroeconomic conditions. Although the country was never as protected from the global downturn as its authorities claimed, the country benefits from some factors that do help ease the damage inflicted by the international crisis, especially with regard to the availability of foreign currency in these times of restrictions on external financing.

This sharp balance sheet improvement has been instrumental in enabling emerging countries to bounce back strongly from the 2008 2009 global financial crisis, whereas the West continues to hobble along. Indeed, until the recent renewed downturn in America and Europe, the emerging world s major policy concern was too much growth, mounting inflationary pressure, and economic overheating.

BRUSSELS MEXICO CITY Since the global economic downturn began in 2008, debate has centered on the macroeconomic strategies and instruments used to address the crisis and foster recovery. But correcting imbalances and addressing short term slowdowns or recessions, while important, should not be allowed to overshadow the need to establish long term conditions for solid and sustainable economic growth.

The big issue is not how to deal with a downturn, but rather how to sustain today s global boom and the capital flows that go with it. With the world expected to continue growing rapidly, there are excellent investment opportunities that will be funded only if capital continues to move into countries that can use it productively.