Energy and fuel prices and taxes

(c) Increase energy efficiency in the energy production, transformation and distribution, industry, transport and household sectors

(b) Increase energy efficiency, including in the energy production and transformation, industrial, transport, household and agricultural sectors

(a) Mandatory energy efficiency standards and labelling for common household appliances

As oil prices go up, energy patents go up.

Energy and high fuel prices were crucial factors affecting development.

Prices decreased in clothing and footwear (2.2 ) furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance (0.5 ) health (0.1 ).

(a) Energy prices shall be allowed to reach a reasonable level

Rising energy costs have directly affected prices for basic necessities and food.

Instead, energy prices will be allowed to reach their reasonable market level.

Instead, energy prices shall be allowed to reach their reasonable market level.

The agenda to address climate change overlapped with the imperative for greater energy efficiency in the wake of high energy prices.

Under FSP each deserving household gets Rs. 1000 bi annually as compensation against rise in the prices of wheat.

And higher oil prices mean a greater incentive to invest in energy R D.

Unconventional natural gas is controversial, as it needs high energy prices to be profitable.

The rate of so called core inflation (which excludes energy purchases) was 1.8 . Even that understates the impact of energy on measured inflation, because lower gasoline prices reduce shipping costs, lowering a wide range of prices.

It should be noted that the increase in energy prices was not limited to oil.

With food prices rising sharply, the poor are being hit the hardest, fueling greater poverty, inequality, and resentment. But the same is true in China anti inflation protests are now roiling both countries, owing mainly to rising energy, food, and raw material prices, with food accounting for one third of household spending in China and around 45 in India.

Possibly most clearly visible are impacts on prices, with studies showing that the presence of hypermarkets results in drops in prices for dried food, household goods and personal care, thus increasing the population's disposable income.

At the local and household levels, energy services provide the basis for cooking, lighting, water pumping, refrigeration, transport and communication.

The economic restructuring, as well as removal of subsidies and an increase in prices for imported energy to world market levels, have reduced primary energy consumption, and provided incentives for the introduction of new technology, energy efficiency and energy conservation measures.

As a result, Europe will remain a net energy importer. And, given rising global demand for oil, particularly in developing countries, energy import prices will remain high.

Towards this end, the energy efficiency measures will be introduced into the operation of energy providers (power companies, providers of self standing new and renewable sources of energy) and energy consumers (public and private businesses, household consumers, including those in remote, poor off grid areas).

This is a most positive initiative at a time of high and volatile energy prices and insecure supplies.

Market reform often translates into lower consumer prices which can encourage more consumption and discourage energy efficiency investments.

Many rural households generally buy part of their fuel wood or charcoal in small amounts at very high prices per unit of energy compared with other energy sources.

However, this would have from a developmental point of view the problematic, albeit temporary, effect of raising energy prices.

With prices of finite fossil fuels rising and cereal prices falling to record world market levels, it is becoming economically interesting to use cereals, in addition to straw, for energy production.

Shifting income from those who would spend it to those who won t lowers aggregate demand. By the same token, soaring energy prices shifted purchasing power from the United States and Europe to oil exporters, who, recognizing the volatility of energy prices, rightly saved much of this income.

Forest resource issues have however been addressed primarily as part of an analysis of energy consumption in sub Saharan Africa, where fuelwood and charcoal are the major energy sources, particularly for household consumption.

(e) Europe and the NIS In this region, emphasis will be placed on industrial energy efficiency, since energy wastage is a particularly serious problem, with its roots in the highly subsidized energy prices of the planned economy era.

Third, the relentless exploitation of resources has caused the prices of energy and raw materials to increase rapidly. Fourth, feverish real estate development throughout China continues to propel land prices to new heights.

Falling oil prices may provide cheaper energy for manufacturers and households, but they hurt energy exporters and their spending. And, while increased supply particularly from North American shale resources has put downward pressure on prices, so has weaker demand in the eurozone, Japan, China, and many emerging markets.

Not only has Bush destroyed Iran s most formidable enemy and bogged down US troops in a hopeless cause he also has enriched energy abundant Iran and Russia by pursuing a war that has dramatically raised energy prices. High crude oil prices make it easier for Iran to build nuclear weapons and for Russia to use energy blackmail to threaten Europe.

(b) The programme of assistance for needy families, in which the household payments are revised upwards in step with every increase in the prices of subsidised products

Domestic energy prices (by fuel type and for electricity) for different relevant sectors (e.g. residential, commercial and institutional industry transport) GDP

The gradual increase of domestic energy prices towards world levels and privatization of industry led to a decline in the energy intensive industrial sector of 40 per cent between 1990 and 1994.

With energy prices moving center stage, there is a danger that already weak incentives for investment in low carbon energy will be further undermined. Across Europe, calls for affordable energy are fast becoming a euphemism for increased fossil fuel subsidies and a rollback of commitments on green energy.

On April 1, household gas prices were quadrupled, taking them to half the market price, with offsetting compensation provided to the poor. And the parliament has enacted a law that harmonizes energy standards with those of the European Union, thereby delineating clearly the state s role and opening the gas market to investors.

There has been a steady effort to arrive at market based prices for energy commodities, and prices of some of them (notably oil products) have for some years been derived from the world market price.

Those requirements have ramifications for protecting the global climate, ensuring sustainability of energy resources and restraining the escalating spiral of fuel prices.

household and relationship to head of household, 1990

Looking ahead, strong headwinds imply that it will be difficult to achieve better economic performance in the rest of the year. Higher energy prices are reducing real household spending on non energy goods and services weakness in Europe and Asia will hurt America s exports state and local governments are cutting their spending and concerns about higher taxes in 2013 will dampen both business investment and big ticket consumer spending.

On the energy crisis, we propose that the United Nations take the lead in collective action to ease the effects of oil prices.

The first factor is the relationship between oil prices and economic growth in the oil producing countries. Higher prices fuel higher growth in these countries, which, accompanied by a population boom, leads to higher domestic energy consumption.