Associated with import demand elasticity estimates, quantity measures can be translated into price effects quite safely.

To obtain AVE measures, NTB quantity measures have to be associated with estimates of import demand elasticities.

Kee H.L. , A. Nicita and M. Olarreaga, Import Demand Elasticities and Trade Distortions , unpublished manuscript, World Bank, 2004.

21. In 1998, the growth of world import demand is forecast to be more evenly spread, with the United States import surge slowing, while Japan apos s import growth slowly increases. Slower import growth in East Asia and Latin America will not be matched by more sharply rising imports into China and India.

Moreover, quantity measures associated with information on import demand elasticities could give price effect estimates and thus allow for the computation of AVEs.

The combination of reduced import demand and increased domestic investment suggests that imports may have been constrained through trade policy measures or currency devaluations.

The introduction of an NTB that does not take a price ad valorem form makes the import demand curve shift in a non parallel way.

On the whole, sugar remains in plentiful supply on the world market, and there is an estimated excess of exportable sugar over estimated import demand.

Calculating formula of import duties is import duties customs value x import tariff rate

As a result, Europe will remain a net energy importer. And, given rising global demand for oil, particularly in developing countries, energy import prices will remain high.

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