Sometimes, however, barriers to entry throughout the chain are too low to allow firms to upgrade.

The costs of developing those vessels multiple carrier task forces and submarine fleets create enormous barriers to entry, enabling US naval dominance. But the barriers to entry in the cyber domain are so low that non state actors and small states can play a significant role at low cost.

As regards microenterprises in the informal sector, the low barriers to entry lead to intense competition, while impeding the enterprises apos growth.

Regulatory divergences among countries constitute barriers to entry into the retail industry.

It may also lower the market entry barriers for CHP and renewables.

This creates barriers to entry for small firms and also limits consumer choices.

These may act as market entry barriers for products originating in developing countries.

Although the barriers to entry for the production of computer hardware components are diminishing, considerable attention is now being focused on the characteristics of software development which, in contrast, emphasizes human creativity, and the emerging software paradigm is associated with relatively low entry costs.

While quantitative restrictions have been banished, properly identifying, defining, classifying and disciplining a plethora of non tariff barriers and market entry barriers pose a major challenge.

Now when the price of any technology declines that dramatically, the barriers to entry go down.

However, they may raise the barriers to entry into world markets, particularly for developing country firms.

It was also of the view that the barriers to entry into this market are high, as a result of which future entry is unlikely.

Non tariff barriers and costs of market entry of branded goods are generally at very high levels.

For those markets, barriers of entry are relatively low, and with increasing competition, firms easily find themselves in an extremely vulnerable position, with their returns subject to erosion in a sort of race to the bottom (UNIDO 2001).

It was stressed that requirements in certification schemes should not act as market entry barriers in fish trade.

The software industry is unique, because it has unusually low barriers to entry and ready access to a huge market through the Internet. A start up is typically just a group of kids with a good idea and programming skills.

This may possibly be because large firms in these concentrated industries had exploited their dominant positions to raise entry barriers.

Two factors seem significant first, relatively porous economic, political and educational arenas that allow immigrants entry to these key areas of American life. Despite the discrimination and poverty that immigrants often suffer initially, barriers to economic and political participation are relatively low.

This would point to their recent entry into the waged labour force in low skill jobs.

How can market entry barriers resulting from regulations on, for example, food and consumer safety be minimized for novel' products derived from biodiversity?

These include entry restrictions, barriers to hostile takeovers, ownership ceilings, differential taxation, performance requirements linked to exports and local purchasers, and so forth.

Ms. Zou Xiaoqiao noted that the number of women in the parliament was very low despite the absence of formal barriers.

ICTs has made it much easier for developing country producers, processors and exporters to identify potential new markets and explore market entry barriers and potential solutions.

This should contribute to a better understanding of market dynamics and trends, barriers to entry, trade and investment flows, and bio business development options and incentives.

Lower trade barriers will make locating production in the poor low wage parts of the world irresistible to those who have access to finance.

On barriers facing movement of services suppliers, experts found visa and entry regulation, nationality and residency requirements, and licensing and recognition of qualifications to be particularly restrictive.

In addition, since non tariff measures can act as important market entry barriers to developing country exports, the Commission may wish to consider how to take forward international policy dialogue, research and analysis and disciplining of non tariff barriers that affect developing countries' exports.

The framework that is appropriate may differ in each country depending on the structure of its domestic market, the barriers to entry and the opportunities for innovative developments.

Information barriers

Unsurprisingly, rules that make it difficult to fire established workers discourage employers from hiring new ones. Insiders enjoy lavish protections, while entry barriers to the millions left outside are insurmountable.

In the enterprise sector, the focus will need to be on increasing competition in all sectors, reducing barriers to entry and exit for private companies, and strengthening state owned enterprises competitiveness.

Despite this, ever changing and dynamic non tariff barriers, SPS requirements and standards at various levels firm, national, regional and international posed serious market entry problems for developing countries, particularly LDCs.

Non Tariff Barriers

This is due to a number of reasons, including lack of man's awareness, ineffective communication campaigns, barriers of old customs as well as low quality and accessibility of services.

There are many barriers to their participation family, low schooling, traditions, and lack of consistent policies aimed at encouraging women to ascend and or occupy senior or leadership positions.

267. In the sphere of political decision making, the representative noted that even though there were no legal barriers to women s participation, it remained low because of traditional attitudes.

Array entry Array entry specifies the information about the entry.

To facilitate the flow of remittances, NEPAD should play a more proactive role in encouraging both advanced and African countries to lower existing barriers to the entry and exit of private capital.

NTBs may also reduce access to the latest technology by consumers in smaller economies burdened by redundant requirements because companies seek out the largest markets with the fewest regulatory barriers to entry.

Lower barriers to entry mean that many smaller companies can engage in applications development, but success is greatly dependent on the availability of venture capital or other forms of start up funding.

By Thursday morning, there were armed guards inside the sanctuaries and then the gates became single file entry (with metal barriers) with bags being searched on the way in, she told The Local.

12. Introduction of a special visa regime for temporary movement of service suppliers in the context of services contracts, and facilitation of entry requirements, were mentioned as means to lower barriers to suppliers.

As market size has been constricted and intraregional integration has faced obstacles, economic growth rates have remained low and obstacles and barriers to participation in the multilateral trading system remain.

SSA industries had originally been established to supply domestic markets behind protective barriers because of low productivity and inadequate know how they were never in a position to compete internationally.

Barriers to property ownership.