As seen from table 7, the lower labour costs in developing countries and countries in transition more than offset lower labour productivity, resulting in production costs that are significantly lower in these countries than in developed countries.

Lower banking costs.

Total costs Lower actual costs (e) Government provided personnel

Developing country processors have advantages over those in developed countries such as low labour costs, high quality and lower prices of raw materials.

As enterprises seek to reduce operational costs, they have the option to outsource non core activities to countries that can provide a high level of service with much lower labour costs.

Romania relies on external investment to help upgrade plant and equipment, but foreign investment has been lower than expected, despite the low labour costs.

Lower than projected costs Stringent controls Unbudgeted system wide electronic data processing upgrades Lower unit costs available from stock

Savings in import management costs lower quoted prices for imports and lower transport, transit, warehousing, storage and stock management costs

Lower requirement. (d) Other air operation costs

Common staff costs were lower than in 2002 for reasons of lower staff turnover.

It was emphasized that China's success was due to (i) favourable tax incentives, (ii) lower capital costs, (iii) lower labour costs, (iv) flexibility in production, (v) the value of large internal markets, and (vi) a strong work ethic and strengths in science and engineering education in terms of quantity and quality.

Lower than projected costs per vehicle Hughes H 500D

Lower than projected fuel costs (c) Aircrew subsistence allowance

The unutilized balance was due to lower banking costs.

As incomes increase, rising labour costs and the entry of lower cost producers can rapidly erode the competitiveness of labour intensive manufactures, and new investments are needed to maintain productivity growth and to upgrade to higher value added activities.

Digital signature techniques were sufficiently flexible to provide also lower levels of security, thus involving lower costs.

Lower contracted costs for the period from November 1996 to June 1997 and actual lower flying hours.

The other thing is that we ve got much lower costs.

We have significantly lower capital costs in our plant equipment.

Lower than estimated electricity costs and cost of water delivery.

Production or labour costs constitute only a relatively low proportion of their total operational costs.

With respect to the reduced requirement under common staff costs, the realized costs reflect lower than budgeted common staff costs rate.

(d) Simplification of the administration of transaction and lower transaction costs.

Would the method improve decision making and lower programme implementation costs?

Rental of premises Maintenance supplies Cancelled deferred projects. Lower project costs.

(f) Relaxed reliability owing to the shorter lifetime or agreed, lower levels of product assurance or lower quality parts as appropriate to lower development costs

Field operating costs have been reduced by 1,147,800 and the new staffing structure resulted in lower staff costs.

The reduction reflects lower Programme Delivery and Administrative Support costs resulting from initiatives to reduce such support costs.

Relatively low labour costs have also contributed to this success.

231. Costs of agricultural inputs and labour are high (i.e. costs of production have steadily gone up).

Lower requirements. (c) Other costs pertaining to military personnel Contingent owned equipment

Actual costs were lower than estimated, resulting in unutilized resources of 1,193,000.

The unutilized balance of 46,700 resulted from actual costs being lower than estimated.

Actual costs were lower than estimated, resulting in an unutilized balance of 2,200.

Actual costs were lower than estimated, resulting in an unutilized balance of 1,500.

The decrease in common staff costs is also partly due to the realized costs, which are lower than the budgeted rate.

Local procurement with higher costs. Lower requirements due to temporary closure of team sites.

Actual costs were slightly lower than estimated, resulting in an unutilized balance of 5,200.

Actual costs were slightly lower than estimated, resulting in an unutilized balance of 6,000.

The unutilized balance of 77,200 resulted from the actual costs being lower than estimated.

On the other hand, there may be adjustment costs, especially social costs in the case of offshoring of labour intensive activities.

Women represent 60 per cent of the world's 550 million working poor.6 The growth of informal work across the world, along with the informalization or casualization of formal employment, has allowed employers to lower labour costs.

The costs of these contracts were lower than estimated, resulting in unutilized resources of 278,400.

On the other hand, there may be adjustment costs, especially social costs in the case of the offshoring of labour intensive activities.

The factory makes brand name clothes for the United States market and benefits from the duty free entry of its products into the United States, which makes them competitive even with garments manufactured where labour costs are lower.