It has three primary objectives to identify potential demand among TNCs, to upgrade potential domestic business partners, and to match and monitor operations.

Moreover, public investment works on both the demand and supply sides. It not only boosts aggregate demand directly it also expands potential output by increasing the stock of productivity boosting capital.

Enormous demand will be created for construction of temporary housing and, later, for the reconstruction of lost towns. The estimated damage of 25 trillion is also the size of the potential reconstruction demand.

The aim of the concept of potential as opposed to actual GDP is to take into account that, like an engine, an economy often operates below or above potential. In a demand driven recession, actual output falls below potential, which results in a rise in unemployment.

Though the US is finally emerging from an extended period in which potential output exceeded demand, high unemployment continues to suppress demand in Europe. One of the main casualties is the tradable sector in China, where domestic demand remains inadequate to cover the shortfall and prevent a slowdown in GDP growth.

Proliferation of the sources of opiate raw materials had the potential to disturb the delicate balance between supply of and demand for opiate raw materials.

The gap between actual and potential GDP is thus a gauge of an economy s spare capacity. The distinction is also useful for policy purposes weak potential growth cannot be addressed by demand side initiatives supply side measures are needed.

For actual GDP, such frequent and large forecast revisions are inevitable. Potential GDP, however, is supposed to be more stable, as it does not depend on demand side developments.

China has the potential to maintain robust growth by relying on domestic demand and not only household consumption. The country suffers no lack of investment opportunities, with significant scope for industrial upgrading and plenty of potential for improvement in urban infrastructure, public housing, and environmental management.

Politicians like this because it increases demand for their services. They point out the potential problem and then attempt to sell solutions that lie within their nationally defined spheres of competence.

As a result of a deep and persistent deficiency in aggregate demand, the US economy has been operating far below its potential output level. Real GDP fell by 8 relative to its noninflationary potential in 2008 2009, and has remained about 8 below its previous growth path ever since.

For oil importing sub Saharan African countries, the additional costs would have to be accommodated by reductions in reserves, non oil imports and domestic demand, with a potential serious impact on poverty.

High levels of involuntary unemployment throughout the advanced economies suggest that demand lags behind potential supply. While unemployment is significantly higher in sectors that were booming before the crisis, such as construction in the United States, it is more widespread, underpinning the view that greater demand is necessary to restore full employment.

The impact of shale energy on South America is twofold. For starters, there is the potential for cheaper imports for those countries with no gas (Chile) or where local demand could exceed local supply (Brazil).

And that potential, that powerful potential, is also our potential, of you and me.

Moreover, the use of wood by Africa s growing population is causing increasingly rapid deforestation in many countries. There is significant potential domestic demand for coal briquettes to replace wood for cooking and domestic and industrial heating.

Public and private investment which has served as a key driver of China s growth over the last four decades can play a central role in expanding domestic demand, but only if returns are high. While low return investments generate aggregate demand, they do not increase future income or productive potential, and thus do not foster sustainable growth.

The US is adjusting structurally and generating real (inflation adjusted) GDP growth (though well below its potential annual rate of 3 3.5 ). The tradable sector is expanding and is not dependent on leverage to generate aggregate demand.

Energy demand

Demand reduction

Demand reduction

Demand reduction

Besides structural reforms, building new momentum will require pulling all possible levers that can support global demand. Accommodative monetary policy will remain essential for as long as growth remains anemic though we must pay careful attention to potential spillovers.

So rather than asking, as precaution would demand, what can we do as quickly as possible to avoid potential catastrophe, we ask bizarre questions like this What is the latest possible moment we can wait before we begin seriously lowering emissions?

In the emerging world, however, the mismatch between growth expectations and actual potential has often become a serious issue that demand side stimulus and endless debt accumulation cannot cure. Rather, governments should stop basing their legitimacy on inflated growth prospects.

Scale economies, gains from specialization and learning, and conducive demand conditions are some of the basic theoretical reasons why the creation of leading industrial sectors, along with related technological capabilities, holds out the potential for strong income and productivity growth.

With its high value, relatively low bulk and ease of transport, easily disguised identity and origin and the potential to exploit the market demand unmet by restricted supplies, the caviar trade offers organized criminal groups a low risk, high profit activity.

Requests the secretariat to intensify consultations with potential beneficiaries of UNCTAD's assistance, at the time of the formulation of project documents, with a view to ensuring that proposed activities are demand driven and meet the beneficiaries' development goals and objectives

Demand or Supply?

Netanyahu s Useless Demand

Price reflects demand.

Drug demand reduction

Drug demand reduction

Demand savings accounts

Geothermal potential amounts to 990 MW and wind potential to 600 MW.

Potential options

With a global recession a near certainty, deflation rather than inflation will become the main concern for policymakers. The fall in aggregate demand while potential aggregate supply has been rising because of overinvestment by China and other emerging markets will sharply reduce inflation.

Of course, not everyone can gain share at the same time. Fortunately, if countries increase productivity with the aim of boosting relative productivity and growth potential on the tradable side, this will increase incomes and accelerate the growth of global aggregate demand.

Supply, demand, big opportunity.

It's risk and demand.

And thirdly, public demand.

The demand is huge.

World demand and supply

This compares with their major alternatives, HCFC 22 (global warming potential 1,780), HFC 134a (global warming potential 1,410), and HFC 141b (global warming potential 713).

Potential funding sources