United Kingdom, Office of Fair Trading. Cartels (advice to businesses). www.oft.gov.uk Business Cartels default.htm

Hard Core Cartels (2000)

Cartels Sanctions against Individuals (2004)

See OECD, Hard Core Cartels, 2000.

Techniques for gathering evidence on cartels

International Competition Network. Documentation on cartels. www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org

Leniency Programmes to Fight Hard Core Cartels (2001)

However, as has been highlighted by the Empagran case, countries affected by international cartels may have sensitivities about the application of foreign laws or sanctions to these cartels.

Recommendation of the Council Concerning Effective Action against Hard Core Cartels (1998)

Fines against cartels are growing in severity across countries.

Hard Core Cartels Recent Progress and Challenges Ahead (2003)

For example, it seems that cement cartels exist almost everywhere.

Policy Brief Hard Core Cartels Harm and Effective Sanctions (2002)

Right to life prohibition of torture prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment.

prohibition of torture

Prohibition of discrimination

Fighting Hard Core Cartels in Latin America and the Caribbean (2005)

This is a success story in the fight against cartels that can be used by developing countries and also shows that it is possible to successfully detect and prosecute cartels.

Prosecuting cartels may be the most difficult of the tasks assigned to competition agencies, however.

The Impact of Leniency Programs on Cartels. www.wz berlin.de mp conf pastconfs io04 papers rey.pdf

International cooperation in investigating and prosecuting hard core cartels affecting developing countries

Priorities are set by the Office in respect of long term goals (e.g. a decree with detailed provisions in respect of exemptions from prohibition of agreements restricting competition) and of current needs (e.g. in the field of competition in banking, detection of international cartels, linkage between competition policy and procurement, dumping etc.).

Coordination of leniency programmes would be difficult, but it could substantially enhance cooperation against international cartels.

The bad news is, this is a semi submersible run by drug cartels.

Cracking cartels International and Australian developments law enforcement conference (held 24 November 2004).

(b) International cooperation in investigating and prosecuting hard core cartels affecting developing countries

Corollary Prohibition of indiscriminate attacks

(iv) Prohibition of Arab construction

(b) Prohibition of indiscriminate attacks

Prohibition of arbitrary or unlawful interference with privacy, home, correspondence and other communications prohibition of arbitrary deprivation of property.

The agency determined that they were in fact cartels, and it prohibited the conduct.

The available sanctions against cartels under the law are also considered to be inadequate.

Can Developing Countries Benefit from WTO Negotiations on Binding Disciplines for Hard Core Cartels?

Competition policy treatment of cartels, abuse of dominance monopolization, abuse of buyer power and the exercise of intellectual property rights

Competition policy treatment of cartels, abuse of dominance monopolization, abuse of buyer power and the exercise of intellectual property rights

6) prohibition of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 7) prohibition of slavery, the slave trade and servitude (art. 8, paras. 1 and 2) prohibition of imprisonment because of inability to fulfil a contractual debt (art. 11) prohibition of retroactive criminal laws (art.

Prohibition of arbitrary and discriminatory laws

ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE,

4310 Prohibition of foreign exchange allocation

Prohibition of slavery and forced labour.

Decree on prohibition of chemical weapons

Among these is the growing incidence of large international cartels affecting many countries and involving businesses operating worldwide.

Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes

prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes

Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes