This is a systemic risk, systemic shock.

Systemic issues

C. Systemic issues

Systemic weaknesses, such as those which created the Asian financial crisis, and initiatives taken in the region to correct them, such as the Chiang Mai Initiative, also received special focus.

Taking Systemic Risk Seriously

International and systemic aspects

Governance and systemic issues

Systemic issues and participation

Much has already been achieved since the crisis, through more resources for the IMF and new financing instruments. But more is needed, and the Fund is exploring cooperation with regional financing mechanisms, as well as new ways to use its instruments in a systemic crisis.

And then, the systemic risks.

We need deep, systemic change.

Global governance and systemic issues

It seems most likely, but no one really knows. The financial crisis, morphing quickly into a global economic downturn, resulted not just from a failure to react to growing instability, risk, and imbalance, but also from a widespread pre crisis inability to see the rising systemic risk.

For the most part, the severity and implications of the financial crisis were judged well. Lessons from the October 2008 WEO, which analyzed recoveries after systemic financial stress, were incorporated into subsequent forecasts.

This is where success is systemic.

Second, it is fanciful to believe that the private sector would want to get involved in providing funding to a huge financial firm under court supervision, particularly during a systemic crisis. The definition of such a crisis is precisely that moment when private sector loans are not readily available.

Moreover, they face an economy starved of credit, in which the crisis endangered many companies whose bankruptcy would have no systemic effect. Working in so uncompetitive a market is a real stroke of luck.

Systemic issues and global economic decision making

So it's systemic across the entire country.

International systemic coherence therefore assumed particular importance.

Indeed, several Western financial groups are considering partial or complete exits from the region without any clear strategic replacement in sight. The potential systemic crisis threatens to accelerate deleveraging further, with serious consequences for emerging Europe.

They said, OK, it's not about systemic change.

This process facilitates systemic change and political legitimacy.

The fashionable idea of allowing banks to issue contingent capital (debt that becomes equity in a systemic crisis) is no more credible than the idea of committing to punish banks severely in the event of a crisis. A simpler and more transparent system would ultimately lead to more lending and greater stability, not less.

Systemic problems required an integrated approach and organizational restructuring.

Most importantly, while the average debt GDP ratio is no higher than it is in other advanced countries, and consolidation efforts started earlier, the eurozone has been mired in a severe crisis of confidence for the past two years. This points to a systemic dimension of the crisis that cannot be reduced to profligate behavior by fiscal sinners.

You want to also try to get more systemic transformation.

However, it continues to suffer from severe and systemic problems.

In the table for Specific target organ systemic toxicity (single exposure)

This largely reflects the belief that, if a breakdown of negotiations triggers another Greek crisis, the systemic risks to the eurozone and the wider European Union would be far smaller than they were just a few years ago. The acute phase of the euro crisis is over even if growth remains elusive, financial contagion is no longer viewed as a risk.

But, since the onset of the global financial crisis, eurozone based banks subsidiaries in emerging Europe have been reducing their exposure to the region. In 2009 2010, the European Bank Coordination Initiative known informally as the Vienna Initiative helped to avert a systemic crisis in developing Europe by stopping foreign owned parent banks from staging a catastrophic stampede to the exits.

In particular, central banks behavior during the crisis has called into question whether inflation targeting is an effective framework in the presence of systemic shocks, and, more broadly, whether it can be sustained throughout economic cycles. After all, a policy regime that sets aside its only goal during a crisis seems to lack the ability to cope with unexpected challenges.

Some recent reports point to systemic problems throughout the United Nations Organization.

These developments raise a number of systemic and substantive issues and development implications.

The crisis caused by longline fishing is a case example of the systemic damage being done by unregulated industrial fishing in a newly emerging, increasingly unregulated global economy in which nations are encouraged to exhaust our shared ocean to generate commodities for export to wealthy markets.

To permit systemic analysis, the audit recommendations are clustered into categories and sub categories.

The continuing systemic relationship between terrorism, extremism, separatism and drug trafficking is clearly apparent.

Unfortunately, contemporary economic theory, with its presumption of perfect price discovery in asset markets, has discouraged economists and policymakers from paying any attention to the role of asset price swings in managing systemic risk. Today s global crisis shows that we can no longer afford to ignore this vital factor.

Such swaps should help Asian countries to cope with currency turmoil in the wake of a Fed policy reversal. But they remain untested and, given their relatively small volumes, cannot reassure markets or provide adequate emergency support to crisis countries, especially in the event of large scale systemic shocks.

And the regulatory boundary problem persists risky activities may migrate to areas where regulation is lax and reproduce the problems with the shadow banking system that we have witnessed during the crisis. As a result, investment banking operations might need to be rescued if they pose a systemic threat.

(a) Clarification of the criteria for acute toxicity, reproductive toxicity and target organ systemic toxicity

Systemic, cross institutional transparency, coordination and communication are needed to ensure progress on this standard.

The review identified some systemic problems with UNHCR's procedures for financial management, monitoring and reporting.

Tighter credit rationing will then further hamper the ability of households and firms to borrow, spend, invest, and sustain economic growth. The risk that a systemic financial crisis will drive a more pronounced US and global recession has quickly gone from being a theoretical possibility to becoming an increasingly plausible scenario.

Europe remains a significant economic and commercial actor one that can rebound at any time, now that it has at least partly transcended its systemic crisis. It also remains a model of reconciliation in which people can continue to dream, despite unacceptably high levels of unemployment, particularly among the young.