Otherwise it might be used to circumvent statements containing unilateral obligations by qualifying them as resulting from unilateral conduct and not unilateral acts.

The Working Group acknowledged that, while it could be stated in principle that the unilateral conduct of States was likely to produce legal effects, whatever form they might take, it was nevertheless possible to draw a distinction between unilateral conduct and unilateral acts stricto sensu.

In addition, the examination of the topic should be limited to unilateral acts stricto sensu, saving the study of unilateral conduct for later.

The European Commission had decided to cooperate more closely on issues of unilateral conduct.

terminology (the difference between unilateral acts in the strict sense and conduct) and questions relating to the form of unilateral acts (e.g. written or oral statements).

It would be premature to study State conduct which might have consequences equivalent to those of unilateral acts.

As suggested in the Sixth Committee, the Commission might consider adopting a definition of unilateral acts, perhaps accompanied by a without prejudice clause concerning the unilateral conduct of States, which, while important and capable of producing legal effects similar to unilateral acts, is different in nature.

It seemed better to consolidate the progress achieved with respect to unilateral acts stricto sensu before embarking on a detailed study of conduct.

The conduct of the State should also be considered in relation to the unilateral act, though that could be done at a later stage.

There is no question of assimilating such conduct whether active or passive to unilateral acts stricto sensu, but merely of pointing out its implications.

As the study showed, a unilateral act could take both written and oral form and could also result from the conduct of a State.

In that connection, Poland had considered with great interest the idea of differentiating between unilateral conduct and unilateral acts sensu stricto , referred to in the Special Rapporteur's eighth report (A CN.4 557) and in the discussion in the Commission.

This example, of course, does not involve a unilateral act stricto sensu, but rather State conduct that produced certain legal effects, in the Court's view.

Unilateral measures

On the other hand, his delegation agreed with the clear distinction drawn between unilateral acts in the strict sense of the term and conduct that might have similar effects.

Unilateral employer decisions.

Unilateral employer decisions

The Commission was turning its attention to the topic at a time when States were increasingly carrying out unilateral acts in the conduct of their international relations, to such an extent that unilateral acts had been considered, with slight exaggeration, to have at least partially supplanted treaty based conduct in relations among States. The topic was at first glance so broad that it was essential to delimit its content and scope.

The conduct in question relates to categories of silence, acceptance, acquiescence and estoppel, all forms of unilateral conduct of States that undoubtedly produce legal effects similar to the effects of an act considered as an expression of will formulated with the intention of producing legal effects.

Unilateral acts of States

Unilateral acts of States.

Unilateral coercive economic measures

The Unilateral Road to Peace

(e) Unilateral acts of States

But the Government's attitude in the proceedings could reflect its acceptance of the note as valid at the international level, an important type of unilateral conduct that will not be considered in this report.

In that regard we should recall, merely as a basic reference, that the International Court of Justice has in various cases considered certain types of unilateral State conduct which produce or may produce legal effects.

It does not bless unilateral action.

Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

Declaration on Unilateral Measures (annex IV).

Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

Human rights and unilateral coercive measures 54

2005 Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

Eighth report on unilateral acts of States

This is not only devious, it's unilateral.

Strongly condemns and rejects all types of unilateral coercive measures including unilateral economic sanctions and consider them as null and void.

In that connection it should be noted that, without constituting unilateral acts within the strict meaning of the term in which the Commission is interested, such conduct may produce relevant legal effects as the Court found in this case.

3. Deplores any attempt to bypass or undermine multilaterally agreed procedures on the conduct of international trade by unilateral actions inconsistent with the multilateral trade rules and regulations, including those agreed in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations

55 110. Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

56 148. Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

57 222. Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

58 171. Human rights and unilateral coercive measures

59 188. Human rights and unilateral coercive measures