Support by farmers' organizations of individual farmers in adaptation and mitigation initiatives

Possible areas of work on technologies for adaptation should be further discussed Mitigation and adaptation further understanding of the cross cutting nature of mitigation and adaptation technologies and to what extent they can be considered as complementary activities is recommended.

Costs associated with climate change mitigation and adaptation already represent an added burden for farmers.

Increased funding opportunities are needed for climate change adaptation as well as mitigation measures.

Agriculture was cited as a typical sector having considerable potential not only for integration of mitigation and adaptation but also for integration of mitigation into economic and rural development.

Mr. Noble noted that funds for mitigation and adaptation to climate change are limited and must be used effectively.

First, policy frameworks for addressing climate change impacts and adaptation measures are often incomplete and second, government policy frameworks and regulation objectives are often inconsistent with climate change adaptation and mitigation goals.

However, no matter how significant their efforts, farmers and their organizations cannot bear the responsibility of adaptation and mitigation alone.

Some participants said synergies between mitigation and adaptation are important, while others said that coordination rather than synergies were important.

She said that Uruguay developed a programme of measures for mitigation and adaptation that includes vulnerability analysis, and identified adaptation measures for agriculture, biodiversity, coastal resources, water resources, fishery resources, and human health.

He pointed out that conducting a TNA for technologies for adaptation is more complex and challenging than for mitigation technologies and highlighted several key aspects in the identification of technology needs for adaptation.

Some Parties also provided a detailed breakdown of research initiatives and results of research studies into climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigation.

The adoption of mitigation and adaptation policies is the responsibility of Governments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Finally, many of the climate change mitigation and adaptation projects supported by multilateral institutions and programmes include some activities that facilitate transfer of technology.

Mr. William Kojo Agyemang Bonsu, Ghana, said his expectations focused on identifying technologies that can promote both climate change mitigation and adaptation activities.

Appropriate policies and regulations that are needed to create incentives and remove barriers to climate change adaptation and mitigation have not always been fully implemented.

To preserve the livelihoods of farmers and support the growing world population, adaptation and mitigation measures are both essential responses in planning for climate change.

One of the key answers for farmers with respect to climate change mitigation and adaptation lies in the development of sustainable sources of energy.

Noting that most countries adopted a sectoral approach for TNAs, he outlined criteria for prioritizing options and the share of adaptation and mitigation options by sector.

Fighting climate change can be a sound investment, even though neither mitigation nor adaptation alone will be enough to solve the problem. To make a real difference, especially in the near term, the world must combine mitigation and adaptation with increased research and development into carbon saving and sequestering technology, which in turn requires designing and exploiting market based incentives.

(a) Parties to cooperate in identifying and agreeing specific means and approaches to foster bilateral, regional and global cooperation to facilitate mitigation and adaptation to climate change, including

These included inter ministerial climate change coordination committees, technical working groups undertaking specific studies on inventories, mitigation, vulnerability and adaptation, and climate research centres coordinating national studies.

Most of the research activities reported as ongoing or planned were linked to vulnerability and adaptation assessments and mitigation activities, such as energy conservation, efficiency and related technologies.

Adaptation funding from public sources reached 23 26 billion in 2012 2013. According to a recent assessment by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, global financial flows for mitigation and adaptation measures amounted to 340 650 billion in 2011 2012.

Scientific, technical and socio economic aspects of impacts of, and vulnerability and adaptation to, climate change Scientific, technical and socio economic aspects of mitigation of climate change Methodological issues

Noting the role of the public and private sectors in developing and disseminating environmentally sound and economically viable technologies related to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change,

Most of the TNA studies completed to date addressed the needs for mitigation technologies, and only a few addressed the needs for technologies for adaptation and their integration in the suitable development goals.

Similarly, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provides information on relevant technologies for adaptation and mitigation, with supportive activities provided by UN Habitat, UNESCO and UNDP through a variety of programmes.

Development and peer review of training modules on greenhouse gas inventories and mitigation, sustainable development and climate change, and vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, to be prepared by the partner institutes by August 2005.

(i) International bodies, such as the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), IMO and ICAO, in examining, elaborating, assessing, developing and implementing strategies for mitigation and adaptation to climate change and

There seemed to be no certainty that important activities would not be shelved if the funding situation did not improve, posing a serious threat to mitigation of and adaptation to climate change.

Prevention and mitigation

Some Parties (e.g. Mongolia) recognized the need for adequate policies and strategies both at the national and the local levels, and the need for adequate legal, regulatory and standardization frameworks to effectively implement adaptation and mitigation policies.

Technology development for the use of new energy sources, studies on vulnerability and adaptation, development of forecasting models, emission factors and activity data in different sectors, monitoring of GHG emissions, information systems on GHGs, and development of studies on mitigation options for addressing climate change were noted by many Parties as ongoing research into mitigation.

As global warming and climate change are specifically targeted for review, the Commission, at its present session, must pay attention to the serious impact that both mitigation and adaptation measures will have on workers, workplaces and communities.

D. Impacts and adaptation

Reaffirming the need for a comprehensive approach in addressing climate change, to include all relevant greenhouse gases in all economic sectors by sources and removals by sinks, mitigation as well as adaptation to climate change,

Planned adaptation can be both reactive and anticipatory, while autonomous adaptation is only reactive.

Assessing mitigation and adaptation technologies methods for evaluating different technologies by determining, for example, performance, costs, and environmental impacts over time Parties may wish to refer to document FCC SBSTA 1996 4 for a definition of technology.

6.5 Reaffirming the need for a comprehensive approach in addressing climate change, to include all relevant greenhouse gases in all economic sectors by sources and removals by sinks, mitigation as well as adaptation to climate change,

Vulnerability assessment and adaptation measures

Assessing adaptation strategies and technologies

Technology transfer adaptation and development.

Progress is needed on emission reduction targets and on sharing knowledge and technology more widely. We also have to find a way to provide funding for adaptation and mitigation to protect people from the impact of climate change and enable economies to grow while holding down pollution levels while guarding against trade protection in the name of climate change mitigation.

Radiation mitigation and standard setting