Table 31.5 Resource requirements bank charges

For example, audit, entry and annual fees, tax on business profit, prudential requirements such as minimum capital, bank guarantee and minimum managerial experience as required in some States.

Capital flows and commercial bank lending had been cyclical.

Higher actual requirements for bank charges and losses on exchange

No working capital requirements have been included in this budget submission to leave room for other priority expenditure requirements.

But a capital markets union is highly unlikely to end Europe's love affair with its banks. The biggest impact on market structure will continue to come from ever rising capital requirements, which will make bank credit more expensive and encourage borrowers to look elsewhere.

Requirements for bank charges were estimated at 2,000 per month ( 24,000).

But in his great work on finance, Lombard Street, published in 1873, he asserted that, A well run bank needs no capital. No amount of capital will rescue a badly run bank.

Governments, UNCTAD, World Bank, IMF, financial institutions (private and public), business community (capital market)

If the bank attaches a 10 risk weight to the loan, the risk weighted equivalent is 20,000. If the amount of bank capital needed to protect that risk weighted equivalent is 10 , then the bank requires just 2,000 of its own capital to fund the mortgage, 198,000 of which the bank itself borrows.

Higher requirements for bank charges based on actual expenditure until 31 December 1997

Requirements were estimated at 15,800 for rental of photocopiers and for bank charges.

d Capital borrowed from other income generation subprogrammes in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Taxpayer funded bank rescues, higher bank capital requirements, and ultra easy monetary policy have all been vital to overcome credit supply constraints. But there is strong evidence that once the immediate crisis was over, lack of demand for credit played a far larger role than restricted supply in impeding economic growth.

Another would be to increase financial institutions capital requirements. But these steps must be taken in tandem, because firms and creditors will try to circumvent capital requirements if they see attractive alternative sources of funds like rule exempt repo financing.

Additional requirements of 598,700 resulted primarily from higher actual bank charges related to currency transactions.

Capital requirements are generally lower, but production is dependent on a combination of technical and creative skills.

African countries must restructure their domestic financial sectors and develop capital markets and non bank financial institutions.

Currently the Republic of China is contributing capital to regional development programmes through institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, the Central American Bank for Economic Integration, the Inter American Development Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

Forced subsidiarization causes capital and liquidity to be trapped in local legal entities, reducing the effectiveness with which that capital is used. At a time when bank capital is scarce, that impediment carries significant economic costs.

These requirements are enforced through internal controls, compliance functions and external review by the Central Bank, the FIU, Auditors, CFATF and the World Bank IMF.

Reduction in miscellaneous services pertains to lower than anticipated requirements for insurance, bank charges and freight.

Unfortunately, the development and use of macroprudential tools faces considerable economic and political obstacles. The Bank of Spain s attempt to implement adjustable capital requirements for banks, through its system of dynamic provisioning, did little to deter aggressive lending during the country s property boom.

The remaining portion represents support costs and items budgeted centrally, including working capital and area staff salary increase requirements.

It was unfortunately true that because of strict requirements for guarantees such as a bank account or minimum income, it was difficult for women to obtain bank loans.

Over the last two years, the Agency has built up a working capital reserve equal to one month's operational requirements.

46. In the foreseeable future, nonetheless, private capital flows are unlikely to meet the residual financial requirements of African countries.

As Legal Counsel to the Central Bank, I advised the Chief Executive Officers involved in the day to day operations of the Bank on the legal requirements and framework with respect to the operations of the Bank.

In all the cases, the compliance of the bank activities with the requirements of the Regulation 5 was verified.

50. The World Bank continues its work on the Social Capital Initiative, which includes a number of studies undertaken to measure social capital in selected countries and to show its impact on development outcomes.

Last year, the Shanghai Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched to stimulate cross border investment and capital market development. And China has signed bilateral currency swap agreements with 28 central banks, including the Central Bank of Brazil, the Bank of Canada, the European Central Bank, and the Bank of England.

The World Bank suggests that the bureaucratic requirements to start a business in many countries are excessive and time consuming.

The Committee was informed that the proposed requirements were for additional enhancements related to transaction matching and bank account pooling.

The aggregate of money maintained in UNICEF bank accounts, as reflected in UNICEF books of account, to sustain operational requirements.

The Inter American Development Bank has sponsored events on social capital, ethics and volunteerism for development in Brazil, Chile, Peru and Uruguay.

Some States and private sector entities have begun to address the factors that deter people from using formal banking systems, for example by abolishing overelaborate customer verification practices which make it difficult for customers to open bank accounts reducing fees for money transfers removing minimum balance requirements and increasing the availability of bank services, as well as addressing stringent bank licensing requirements.

Where realistic debt restructuring scenarios indicate capital shortfalls, across the board conversion of bank debt into equity will be necessary. And where this does not suffice, banks will need immediate capital injections by their governments.

This follows the World Bank depreciation assumption for an estimated capital stock of 11.21 billion in 1998 World Bank (May 2003), Twenty seven months Intifada, closures and Palestinian economic crisis An assessment , p. 19.

Platforms that offer basic deposit and loan facilities should be classified as banks, whose transactions entail credit, liquidity, and trading risks that merit prudential supervision alongside measures like risk based capital requirements. Nonetheless, it is important not to overburden these firms with complex, high level capital adequacy requirements that would impede their operational flexibility.

That did not allow the financing of short term working capital requirements of many Thai firms that was needed to expand production of exports.

Local savers tended to hold their savings at home because of risks to bank deposits, and SMEs had to rely primarily on owners capital.

The World Bank and IMF are providing research contributions to the UNU WIDER project on Short term Capital Movements and Balance of Payment Crises.

Banks serve a special function in the economy that does warrant a special role for the government not in setting pay, but in imposing effective capital requirements. Higher and pro cyclical equity capital requirements on banks, combined with a requirement to raise contingent long term debt debt that converts into equity in a crisis is a better way forward.

At one time, it was thought that since developing countries had less capital than more developed countries, merely supplying more capital would solve their problems. Indeed, this view provided part of the rationale for the World Bank if a shortage of funds was the problem, clearly a Bank would have to be a key part of the solution.

21. Decides to appropriate 42 million dollars for 2007 for the design and pre construction phases of the capital master plan, including swing space requirements