The aim of the concept of potential as opposed to actual GDP is to take into account that, like an engine, an economy often operates below or above potential. In a demand driven recession, actual output falls below potential, which results in a rise in unemployment.

As a result of a deep and persistent deficiency in aggregate demand, the US economy has been operating far below its potential output level. Real GDP fell by 8 relative to its noninflationary potential in 2008 2009, and has remained about 8 below its previous growth path ever since.

This new round of central bank activism reflects persistent concerns about economic growth. Despite a once unthinkable amount of monetary stimulus, global output remains well below potential, with the potential itself at risk of being suppressed.

Preliminary work is under way, in collaboration with academic institutions, on a number of these potential new verification technologies, some of which are discussed below.

The extent of potential losses for the cases reported below under (c) and (d) had yet to be determined by UNHCR, since those cases were still pending.

Current conditions are keeping economic performance well below potential. This could be addressed promptly while eliminating inefficiencies and re orienting institutions that were co opted by the old system to serve the few rather than the many would increase potential output significantly.

Their exposure to potential economic shocks, which threaten to push them below the general poverty line, is very high (World Bank, report No. 25343, p. 46, vol. II).

Since Abenomics was launched, the deflation gap (the difference between actual and potential output) has dropped from roughly three percentage points to below 1.5. This implies that, while the first two arrows are helping to improve Japan s actual growth path, the third arrow has yet to do much for potential growth.

So India s medium term growth potential lies well below that of China in recent decades. A significant boost in infrastructure spending and policy reforms can make a difference, but it cannot close the gap.

So far, the impact from the current boom on region wide development remains significantly below potential as a result of comparatively low levels of economic integration and suboptimal macroeconomic structures in most member countries.

One legacy of Western Europe s experience in the 1980 s is a rule of thumb each year that lower labor force attachment and reduced capital stock as a result of declining investment depresses production 100 billion below normal implies that productive potential at full employment in future years will be 10 billion below what would otherwise have been forecast.

The unemployment rate remains about two percentage points higher than what most economists consider consistent with a full recovery, and the labor force participation rate is hovering near historic lows. The economy is still operating far below its potential GDP is about 6 below what the economy is capable of producing at full capacity without higher inflation.

And that potential, that powerful potential, is also our potential, of you and me.

Farther to the west, US economic performance is weakening, with first quarter growth a miserly 1.9 well below potential. And job creation faltered in April and May, so the US may reach stall speed by year end.

The US is adjusting structurally and generating real (inflation adjusted) GDP growth (though well below its potential annual rate of 3 3.5 ). The tradable sector is expanding and is not dependent on leverage to generate aggregate demand.

Facebook is to send more potential hoax articles to third party fact checkers and show their findings below the original post, the world's largest online social network said on Thursday as it tries to fight so called fake news.

Yet America s actual economic growth in 2014 will remain well below potential. Moreover, the US economy s performance remains overly dependent on the Federal Reserve s experimental monetary policies, courageously adopted in the absence of adequate measures by other economic policymakers.

See table below.

Indeed, most established parties are so busy playing defense that they have little inclination to engage in the type of forward looking strategic thinking that is needed to re energize exhausted growth models, anchor financial stability, and ensure that technological innovation enables broad based prosperity. As a result, Western economies are running chronically below their potential and risk undermining their future potential.

A5 consumption in 2002 was 19 below the A5 Baseline (3) see Figure 1 below.

Consumption in 2003 was 25 below the A5 total Baseline(3) see Figure 2 below.

A5 consumption in 2002 was 19 below the A5 Baseline (3) see Figure 1 below.

Iraq is producing oil at levels below what it produced under Saddam Hussein, and has the potential to double or even triple output. Doing so would require significant investment, which in turn would require international confidence in Iraq s future stability.

While there is a tendency to overrate the impact of the oil windfall on current growth, analyses based on long term trends suggest that the economies of the ESCWA member countries have performed well below their potential since the early 1980s.

See the example below.

It's below your emotions.

He is below contempt.

Variances are explained below.

Variances are explained below.

See paragraph 26 below.

But any further move toward interest rate liberalization must account for all potential costs and benefits. Chinese policymakers should begin with a careful examination of the effects of current financial repression (the practice of keeping interest rates below the market equilibrium level).

Geothermal potential amounts to 990 MW and wind potential to 600 MW.

Potential options

He called from below to her 'Do not sorrow, look, your Lord has provided a rivulet below you,

He called from below to her 'Do not sorrow, look, your Lord has provided a rivulet below you,

Your work is below average.

Thermometers often go below zero.

The Fiscal Crisis Down Below

My room is just below.

Those efforts are summarized below.

This report is provided below.

This is discussed further below.

These claims are discussed below.

Further clarifications are provided below.

(See also section III below.