Stopping the Syria Contagion

Third, and no less important, is the speculative contagion that underlies any bubble. The current boom has seen contagion

There's emotional contagion that takes place in human populations.

And, in fact, emotional contagion can be broader still.

In my view, bubbles are social epidemics, fostered by a sort of interpersonal contagion. A bubble forms when the contagion rate goes up for ideas that support a bubble.

15. Market behaviour was often characterized by information asymmetries and contagion effects.

If you're on your way to contagion, please take these to Sister Raphael.

Disclosure I am an investor in Contagion Health, and am considering investments in MedRewards and HealthRally.

On the Y axis is the cumulative instances of contagion, and on the X axis is the time.

And, not only do they protect the people who sleep under them, but they have these great contagion benefits.

Second, countries must move together. Otherwise, one country s restructuring will heighten expectations that others will follow, giving rise to contagion.

Bitter experience has shown us that instability in one State can have a powerful contagion effect far beyond its borders.

'Tis now the very witching time of night, when churchyards yawn, and hell itself breathes out contagion to this world.

Despite the lack of significant financial contagion risk, a renewed Greek crisis, stemming from a lasting and serious breakdown of negotiations between the new government and EU institutions, would constitute a major problem for European cooperation. The absence of financial contagion would not rule out serious political repercussions.

If half of a community sleeps under a net, the other half also benefits because the contagion of the disease spread.

25. Ms. Djatmiko (Indonesia) asked Mr. Buira whether dealing with currency crises in a more timely fashion would prevent their contagion.

Concerned about the excessive volatility of speculative short term capital flows and the contagion effects in financial markets in times of crisis,

It would seem that bid offer spreads are falling, which we might regard as positive. But volatility has risen, as has cross market contagion.

Policy advice that was guided by the Washington consensus was unable to stem the economic decline in East Asia or protect distant countries from contagion.

Since the crisis, the Asia Pacific countries have looked more closely at developing greater financial cooperation to prevent a contagion and to assist the affected countries.

For 1998, import growth of the developing countries is slowing dramatically largely as a consequence of adjustments to the Asian currency crisis and its contagion effects.

And we see this when lovers walk down the street, when a crowd in Egypt or Tunisia gets caught up in an emotional contagion, the deep interpenetration.

Contagion effects, which may not reflect a deterioration of fundamentals but just a common investors base, can be damaging to countries that are highly dependent on foreign financing.

We know from influenza that a new epidemic can suddenly appear just as an older one is fading, if a new form of the virus appears, or if some environmental factor increases the contagion rate. Similarly, a new speculative bubble can appear anywhere if a new story about the economy appears, and if it has enough narrative strength to spark a new contagion of investor thinking.

Societies should be willing to go out and subsidize the net, give them for free, or, for that matter, pay people to use them because of those contagion benefits.

In contrast to the other two psychological causes, speculative contagion has a natural end. A speculative bubble, sustaining itself solely by reaction to price increases, cannot go on forever.

In an increasingly integrated world economy, the margin for error by both market actors and Governments was much smaller and the risk of contagion to other economies was greater.

The European Central Bank s outright monetary transactions scheme provides an important backstop for debt sustainability. And a banking union, once completed, should contain the risk of financial crisis and contagion.

Thailand in particular is leading the charge to insure against the vulnerabilities of the contagion that broke out in South East Asia and spread to other parts of the world.

Special rules also apply in certain activities with a higher risk of disease and contagion, where more thorough medical checks are permitted (art. 325 et seq. of the Labour Code).

After all, by allowing people to spend more than they have, borrowed money can fuel growth. But today, Africa s pay as you go practices are a powerful defense against financial contagion.

For starters, Chinese officials should be under no illusion that the country will be immune to financial contagion. A Grexit would hit European banks that hold peripheral eurozone countries sovereign bonds.

China moved to current account convertibility in 1996, but retained a substantial number of controls on capital movements, which have served as a shield against financial contagion. Are these still needed?

It also appeared that since the Russian crisis there has not been a contagion effect in the forms of drying up of credit or higher spreads for other emerging market countries.

More than 600,000 bacilloscopies were carried out for the timely diagnosis and detection of new cases. Epidemiological studies were also made on 95 per cent of patients' contacts in order to avoid possible contagion.

The sheer size of financial rescue packages and the rapid contagion of liquidity crises have raised doubt about the capacity of IMF to mobilize emergency financing of the magnitude required by countries in distress.

12. Although substantial gains have been attained as a result of globalization and successful development efforts, globalization and technological changes have increased uncertainties and exposure to risks, owing in particular to the contagion effect.

The tremors triggered by the crises of the South East Asian economies and, more recently, the turmoil in the world financial markets have shown in a dramatic way the dangers of the contagion effect.

Indeed, while less ominous and dramatic than financial contagion, trade spillovers profoundly influence global growth prospects. Failure to recognize their impact implies that export and, in turn, growth projections will continue to miss the mark.

Yes, financial markets in troubled countries for example, Russia s currency, equity, and bond markets have been negatively affected. But the more generalized contagion to global financial markets that geopolitical tensions typically engender has failed to materialize.

Greece is both small and in a uniquely desperate position. So it is possible that other fragile members Spain, Portugal, and Italy would be spared from financial contagion and the euro's viability would not be dramatically affected.

A strong fiscal framework is indispensable to achieve this, and protects countries from contagion. But the crisis experience suggests that, in times of extreme market tensions, even a sound initial fiscal position may not offer absolute protection from spillovers.

In a world where capital is free to flow across international boundaries, the crisis in the US has spread to Europe. This is a new form of contagion, which transcends national boundaries and is amplified by an international crisis of confidence.

If Spain and Italy do look sound enough at the end of two years, European political leaders can allow Greece to default without fear of dangerous contagion. Portugal might follow Greece in a sovereign default and in leaving the eurozone.

All of these phenomena form a part of the dark side of the globalized world contamination, contagion, instability, interconnection, turbulence, shared fragility, universal effects, and overexposure. In this respect, one might speak of the epidemic character of our contemporary world.