Interest on index linked debt instruments

Debt instruments linked to a foreign currency

The task required improvements to the domestic financial structure and the ability to develop suitable investment instruments and to issue significant amounts of domestic currency debt.

Chapter IV Recognition of Financial Instruments

Chapter V Measurement of Financial Instruments

Financial mechanisms and market based instruments

According to the World Bank, it is impossible to break the vicious debt circle with the existing financial instruments and new ones will have to be created.

Debt Management and Financial Analysis System

Debt and financial management (legal aspects)

Recommendations were also made on several issues concerning financial instruments, relating to new developments in financial markets and instruments, namely

Chapter VIII Definition of Financial Assets, Financial Liabilities and Equity Instruments

22 Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments

Legal aspects of debt and financial management

debt, economic and financial management ..... 183 199 39

C. Financial issues capital flows, aid and debt

Traded loans (borderline between securities and other financial instruments)

Article 2The term financial instruments refers to the contracts under which the financial assets of an enterprise are formed and the financial liability or right instruments of any other entity are formed.

Debts and debt servicing, regrettably, are steadily eroding the financial base of these countries, systematically preventing them from providing, and their citizens enjoying, the basic rights contained in the human rights instruments.

During the period under review, there has been a continued drive to expand financial markets, particularly the issuance of international debt and equity instruments by both the public and the private sector.

This suggests that net private borrowing using debt instruments has been rather small over this recent period.

Group of 77 (core groups on debt and international financial systems)

These include technology transfer, capacity building, financial assistance, and market based instruments.

In the area of debt management, the Bank supports the Debt Management and Financial Analysis System (DMFAS) through a joint programme.

The objective is to tailor debt restructuring to the financial needs of the country concerned and to ensure debt sustainability and an exit from Paris Club debt reschedulings.

Most economists failed to foresee the economic dynamics that actually led to the crisis, because they failed to pay enough attention to the rapid increase in US total debt. Instead, they focused exclusively on US foreign debt, ignoring household debt (mortgage and consumer debt), public debt, business debt, and financial debt.

The communication of authentic or private instruments and banking, financial and commercial documents.

(4)The fair value of a combination of financial instruments shall be determined according to both the number of the single financial instruments within the combination and the unit quoted price of the market.

Indeed, nearly a third of our financial resources are devoted to debt servicing.

But the risk sharing inherent to Islamic finance made such instruments more resistant to the first round of financial contagion that hit in 2008. Leading economists, such as Harvard University s Kenneth Rogoff, have suggested that Islamic finance demonstrates the advantages of more equity and risk sharing over the conventional bias in favor of debt instruments.

However, the contracts which can be settled with cash or the net amount of other financial instruments or can be bought or sold and settled by exchanging financial instruments shall be subject to the present Standards.

The persistence of debt crises underscores the need to reform the international financial system.

Debt cancellation would enable us to devote all of our financial resources to development.

Economic instruments Influencing behaviour and impact through financial means and sending signals via the market

Article 3The term derivative instruments refers to the financial instruments or other contracts which are involved in the present Standards and are characterized by the following

It is time to rethink the problem and to devise new financial mechanisms to resolve the debt problem that do not lead to debt accumulation.

56. Bolivia acknowledged the efforts of international financial institutions to alleviate the debt burden of developing countries through the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Debt Initiative.

The UNCTAD Debt Management and Financial Analysis System now covers over 40 countries, representing over 25 per cent of the outstanding debt of developing countries.

Noting that the ongoing international financial crisis is adding further burdens to the external debt problems of many developing countries and that a number of developing countries have continued to meet their international debt and debt service obligations in a timely fashion, despite serious external and domestic financial constraints,

The most typical example is the case of debt management by the international financial institutions.

Such tactics, in which banks are nudged, not coerced, into investing in government debt, constitute soft financial repression. But governments can go beyond such methods, demanding that financial institutions maintain or increase their holdings of government debt, as the UK s Financial Service Authority did in 2009.

Fifth, debt burdens that cannot be eased by growth, savings, or inflation must be rendered sustainable through orderly debt restructuring, debt reduction, and conversion of debt into equity. This needs to be carried out for insolvent governments, households, and financial institutions alike.

Some representatives considered the idea of developing new international legal instruments on economic and financial crime.

This would help to make the financial resources needed more visible in the national financial instruments such as the Medium Term Expenditures Frameworks (MTEF).

Neither the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System nor the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may designate, or permit the continuation of any prior designation of, such financial institution as a primary dealer in United States Government debt instruments

(d) Addressing questions of reporting obligations and financial implications when elaborating any further instruments on human rights,