Shale Gas to the Rescue?

The Shale Revolution s Global Footprint

pelting them with stones of shale,

pelting them with stones of shale,

It is understood that Chongqing currently owns 18 shale gas exploration rights established by Ministry of Land and Resources as the first domestic shale gas mining rights the Sinopec Fuling shale gas field.

PRAGUE In late June, the British Geological Survey announced the world s largest shale gas field. The Bowland Shale, which lies beneath Lancashire and Yorkshire, contains 50 more gas than the combined reserves of two of the largest fields in the United States, the Barnett Shale and the Marcellus Shale.

And shale is not quite completely competent rock.

You exhibited a painting at the Shale Galleries.

The US has the largest recoverable shale gas reserves and the second largest recoverable shale oil reserves in the world. It also enjoys a technological lead in shale energy technologies, and it already has a vast network of pipelines, refineries, and ports in the energy sector that can be repurposed for shale gas and oil (though much more investment will be needed).

For instance, there is unconventional oil Tar Sands and Shale.

Two thirds of the world's shale is in the US.

Oil shale reserves are expected to last for the next 30 years.

Shale gas is a clean energy resource. It is understood that the completion of the 10 billion cubic meter shale gas field will help cut 12 million tonnes of CO2 emission annually.

Even the much heralded shale gas revolution is a lot of hype similar to the gold rushes and stock bubbles of the past. Shale gas wells deplete far more rapidly than conventional fields do.

Even the much heralded shale gas revolution is a lot of hype 160 similar to the gold rushes and stock bubbles of the past. Shale gas wells deplete far more rapidly than conventional fields do.

and We made its topmost part its nethermost, and rained on them stones of shale.

and We made its topmost part its nethermost, and rained on them stones of shale.

The shale would like some shoring, and so parts of it are caved in in there.

IHS estimates that in 2012, developments in the shale energy industry increased households real disposable income by more than 1,200. Thus the shale revolution represents a huge stimulus for America, in terms of investment, exports, and a reduction in energy costs.

The technology of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, by which shale and other tight rock formations at great depths are bombarded with water and chemicals, has released major new supplies of both natural gas and oil. America s shale gas industry grew by 45 annually from 2005 to 2010, and the share of shale gas in America s overall gas production grew from 4 to 24 .

First, fracking s opponents worry that shale gas will displace renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. But the fact is that CO2 emissions cannot be reduced without cutting coal use, and shale gas is already displacing coal in the US.

But the most crucial and almost always overlooked point about fracking is that shale gas, like all hydrocarbons, can be used only once. The real issue is thus not whether shale gas should be developed in Europe, but when it should be used today or tomorrow.

It is understood that a 10 billion cubic meter shale gas field is equivalent to a 10 million tonne oil field.

So when Our edict came, We made its topmost part its nethermost, and We rained on it stones of laminar shale,

So when Our edict came, We made its topmost part its nethermost, and We rained on it stones of laminar shale,

Studies are under way to seek ways of improving the efficiency of oil shale electricity generation and less carbon intensive alternatives.

Shale is an exceptionally poor fuel, pound for pound containing about one third the energy of a box of breakfast cereal.

BRUSSELS The global energy community is abuzz with excitement about hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, a newish technology that has opened formerly inaccessible reserves of gas trapped in underground shale formations. The boom in this so called shale gas production has allowed the United States to become almost self sufficient in natural gas.

But extracting shale energy involves environmental risks and uncertainties, among them groundwater contamination, higher methane emissions, and potential seismic effects. And shale gas emits CO2 when burned, even though it has half the carbon content of coal and has played a significant role in cutting US carbon emissions to mid 1990 s levels.

Recent breakthroughs have allowed the extraction of unconventional natural gas, such as shale gas, which might help offset decline in the years ahead.

But extracting shale energy involves environmental risks and uncertainties, among them groundwater contamination, higher methane emissions, and potential seismic effects. And shale gas emits CO2 when burned, even though it has half the carbon content of coal and has played a significant role in cutting US carbon emissions to mid 1990 s levels. 160

Many Parties provided information on alternative energy resources and mentioned that these include photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, oil shale, and biomass energy.

Many Parties provided information on alternative energy resources and mentioned that these include photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, oil shale, and biomass energy.

In fact, estimates by the International Energy Agency suggest that the most significant recoverable reserves of shale gas are in the US and China, not Europe. Moreover, even these estimates are really not much more than educated guesses, because only in the US have shale formations been subject to intense exploration over a period of decades.

The question today is whether a new upsurge of investment will come to our rescue. Optimists point to the shale energy revolution in the US.

The first one was Barnett Shale in Texas and then the Marcellus up in the Northeast across New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Haynesville in Louisiana.

I recently read an article that suggested that, if oil prices remain at recent levels, US production of shale oil and gas next year could be 10 below recent projections. That seems plausible and, given how important shale oil and gas has become to America s economic recovery, it also seems like something that US policymakers would be eager to avoid.

Reporters understand that adding alginate, humic acid and amino acid nutrient carriers of natural or plant sources into the production process of urea would change modify and enhance the benefit of traditional urea. The alginate urea, zinc fulvate urea and aminoglutanic acid urea nitrogen utilization rate was 5 to 10 percentage points higher than general urea.

In the United States, the shale gas revolution, facilitated by the development of hydraulic fracturing ( fracking ), has brought prices to their lowest levels since natural gas gained prominence after the oil crises of the 1970s. With many more countries set to tap shale gas reserves over the next decade, this downward trend will most likely continue, helping to lower the price of electricity generation further.

In comparison, shale gas in the US has created an estimated 600,000 jobs that are generating about 100 billion in added GDP and almost 20 billion in public revenue.

I am not in a position either to judge the quantitative impact of shale energy on the US economy and, via growth there, on the rest of the world, or to comment on its geopolitical consequences or net effect on carbon emissions. But it does seem to me that contemporary apostles of secular stagnation like Summers and Paul Krugman at least ought to be taking the shale energy revolution into account.

The United Kingdom has been reluctant to join the hydraulic fracturing (or fracking) revolution. Yet tapping the Bowland Shale could reignite the UK economy and deliver huge cuts in CO2 emissions.

First, Europe s geology is different from that of America. There is a huge difference between potential deposits hidden somewhere in large shale formations and recoverable reserves that can actually be produced economically.

But now a new and powerful factor could change this dismal political equation shale gas, which is already having an important effect on the United States and its economy. With US natural gas prices down to just over 4 per million BTU (from 13 just a few years ago), even prudent analysts expect the shale energy revolution to increase America s potential economic growth and add as many as two million new jobs.

Europe, by contrast, is clearly lagging. Exploration is proceeding only hesitantly and shale gas production has not even started, prompting many observers to lament that Europe is about to miss the next energy revolution.