The reduction of trade barriers, technical barriers and other forms of protectionism would enhance competition and contribute to enterprise development.

This is of particular relevance in the case of technical barriers to trade.

Technical support from governments in developing and developed countries could help to overcome initial barriers.

Third of all is regional integration through the lowering of market and technical barriers between countries.

While recognizing that tariffs were playing a decreasing role in the electronics sector owing to multilateral and regional trade liberalization, participants focused mainly on non tariff barriers which affected this sector, particularly technical barriers such as technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment systems.

The main technical barriers for many countries, especially those of developing countries, are in the area of animal health.

For instance, WTO Members may choose to categorize non tariff barriers affecting EPPs as those that are more issue specific, e.g. technical barriers to trade (TBT), customs procedures and rules, or more sector specific.

The strengthening of supply side capacity encompasses also the identification of export products and those that encounter technical barriers to trade.

Roberts D., T. Josling, and D. Orden, A Framework for Analyzing Technical Trade Barriers in Agricultural Markets , Technical Bulletin No. 1876, US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C., 1999.

A special problem is schooling disabled persons, who, due to architectural and technical barriers, are diverted from regular schooling at secondary schools.

Technical barriers to trade (TBT) have also arisen when standards, regulations and assessment systems intended to ensure safety are not applied uniformly.

Furthermore, market barriers resulting from environmental standards and technical, sanitary and phytosanitary regulations affect export sectors of export interest to developing countries.

This growth, however, depends upon the industry s ability to overcome major technical and economic barriers towards more widespread use of these components.

With regard to trade capacity building, UNIDO should utilize its expertise to help enterprises in developing countries to conform to international technical regulations and standards and thus overcome technical barriers to trade.

Information barriers

Participants emphasized that the rising tide of non tariff barriers such as technical barriers based on environmental and health considerations in the electronics sector was a matter of growing concern for developing countries and required attention from UNCTAD and other relevant international organizations in terms of increased technical assistance for adjustment and capacity building measures.

Under the Uruguay Round Agreements, the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) set out such international standards.

Non Tariff Barriers

Barriers to property ownership.

Barriers lack of resources

Also, while tariff barriers were coming down, non tariff barriers were going up many times over.

Alleviation of such exit barriers through technical assistance and bridging finance might allow market forces to allocate resources more efficiently, to the benefit of both producers and consumers.

Many barriers are breaking down.

But there are other barriers.

Those barriers must be removed.

Break down barriers between agencies.

Actual or potential trade barriers

Internal obstacles include informational barriers (e.g. unreliable data on the international market), functional barriers (e.g. lack of competencies and trained personnel), product and price barriers (difficulty in matching competitors' prices) and lack of bargaining power, distribution and logistics barriers (e.g. complexity of foreign distribution channels).

Furthermore, the need for information about appropriate technologies in situations relating to land degradation or inadequate managerial and technical skills are some of the barriers that need to be addressed.

TRADE IN GOODS BARRIERS AND CONSTRAINTS

The existence of preferential customs barriers.

Let no barriers stop your advance

The forthcoming WTO Ministerial Conference should deal with export subsidies, enhanced market access and the removal of technical trade barriers, for trade was the key to sustained economic growth and development.

and Development Impacts of Non Tariff Barriers

Time was needed to overcome attitudinal barriers.

Main actors and barriers to be overcome

Market access Tariffs and non tariff barriers

Current barriers There are three barriers that users face in drawing information from electronic systems, as well as from printed materials.

R. Maskus K., J. Wilson, T. Otsuki, Quantifying the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade A Framework for Analysis , Policy Research Working Paper No. 2512, World Bank Development Research Group Trade, 2000.

It was felt that while the Agreements on sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical barriers to trade (TBT) were intended to protect consumers, they should not protect import markets from competition.

Further urges Member States, where appropriate, to review barriers to treatment access by women and work towards the elimination of such barriers

Other than physical barriers, there are also barriers in the sense of equal rights for disabled persons to choose vocation and education.

Their exports today face a variety of barriers in their major markets, including non tariff trade barriers and other non tariff measures.

Price reductions are closely linked to government policy measures that lead to the reduction of tariff barriers and barriers created by regulations.

Technical and financial assistance shall be provided to landlocked developing countries for improving agricultural infrastructure, enhancing productivity and diversification and for the development of facilities and systems for compliance with the sanitary and phytosanitary and technical barriers to trade requirements for the export of agricultural commodities.