(d) Bank trade finance and risk management products letters of credit and acceptance financing are still the most commonly utilized trade finance instruments, particularly for exporters in developing countries.

(b) Provide interim finance (particularly trade finance)

Trade and finance matters

International trade and development finance

2. International trade instruments

Concerns about the security of e payments and e finance instruments often result in a wait and see approach among traders and financial services providers that in the end delays the elimination of expensive, error prone paper based trade and trade finance.

Initial and obvious points to be expected are comments on the accessibility and cost of trade finance, credit risk insurance and instruments of payment.

We are also considering new instruments to finance development.

3. Trade finance and risk management

Local trade finance tends to be expensive (high interest rates) and the trade finance products on offer is limited.

Islamic finance offers savers and investors practical alternatives to conventional instruments.

Private finance and trade drove the world economy.

Trade finance work by the two organizations is coordinated.

(d) South South Conference on Trade, Investments and Finance.

Finance, trade, governance and social equity were intimately linked.

The Arab Inter Trade Finance Programme enables Arab banks to obtain and pass on loans (up to five years) to finance trade and export oriented projects.

It was also emphasized that States should not put aside their human rights obligations under international instruments when negotiating in other forums, such as those relating to international finance and trade.

(i) Major multilateral organizations active in trade, finance and development

Include gender perspectives in finance and trade negotiations at all levels

International trade had not yet generated adequate resources to finance development needs.

(i) Major multilateral organizations active in trade, finance, and development. 41 50

(e) Relationship between the United Nations and international finance and trade institutions

VIII. Relationship between the United Nations and international finance and trade institutions

Addressing the problem of finance, the panelist highlighted the importance of providing SMEs with trade finance and not only with micro finance, which was often restricted to domestic use.

The experience of e trade finance platforms of developing countries shows that some of them have players who can compete with major providers in terms of the use of web based technologies, which make it possible to develop e credit information techniques, undertake e trade finance operations and even reconcile the whole spectrum of online trade operations, including e trade finance.

At its thirty fifth session, in 2002, UNCITRAL had been informed that international fraudulent practices had produced a significant negative impact on world trade and the legitimate instruments of trade and finance and had agreed that it would be useful to prepare a study on commercial fraud.

See OECD, Competition Policy and International Trade Instruments of Cooperation, Paris, 1987.

Provision of finance was essential before any other trade related activity could be commenced.

160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 Islamic finance offers savers and investors practical alternatives to conventional instruments.

One major concern relates to the destabilizing and deflationary feedbacks among trade, debt and finance.

The second is asymmetry in decision making and norm setting in international trade and finance.

There is a continuing need to improve the systemic coherence between trade, debt and finance.

Openness to trade, investment and finance are commonly cited elements of such a policy package .

exchange rate and trade policies, or even the complete set of fiscal policy instruments.

Action in this area would result in less recourse by Governemnts to trade instruments.

Priorities for the future included technical assistance, setting up of databases (particularly on financial services providers and national, regional and international trade finance and insurance programmes), creation of an Internet site on international trade finance and training activities.

Other policy instruments must complement FDI in order to generate the resources necessary for development, and policies to attract FDI must be balanced with others in the areas of trade and finance in order to reach a healthy equilibrium of policies.

There is a continuing need to improve consistency and systemic coherence among trade, debt and finance.

The inclusion of provisions relative to the provision of trade finance in the agreement was notable.

Initiatives are being taken to improve further the housing finance system by introducing instruments of mortgage insurance, foreclosure and fiscal incentives.

31. UNCTAD should assist Trade Points in developing their capability to offer their SME clients advice and referrals regarding trade finance and risk management alternatives.

There was a call for enhanced interaction between the Council and the international trade and finance institutions.

30. The private sector is now playing an increasingly visible role in trade finance in developing countries.

10. Increased interactions and integration among countries in the region through trade, finance and investment are beneficial.

28. Inadequate access to competitive trade finance and insurance products is a key obstacle to increasing international trade in a number of developing and transition economies.