Voluntary approaches or standards to improve average vehicle fuel efficiency

There was consensus that the use of ISO 14001 should remain voluntary.

Developed countries are generally familiar with the concept of voluntary EMS standards.

Through market dominance, private voluntary standards such as EurepGAP become de facto mandatory.

Energy efficiency standards and voluntary ecolabels are also used for refrigerators and washing machines.

The present document attempts to capture those standards and to present a consensus of the standards desirable in any specific internal control structure.

The voluntary nature of the ISO standards was mentioned, as were threshold levels for standards which could be achieved or exceeded, while governments retained their role in setting normative standards.

2. Experts recommended that there should be complementarity between voluntary standards on EMS and regulatory measures.

What is the role of concepts such as mutual recognition and equivalency in the context of voluntary standards?

29. The principal policy choices faced by governments of developing countries in the context of EMS standards include deciding whether to adopt the standards as voluntary national standards and whether industry should be assisted in implementing EMS.

Initiatives and standards, in particular the Voluntary Principles, had clarified the steps that stakeholders should take to respect human rights.

Participants discussed a range of approaches to corporate accountability for human rights, ranging from purely voluntary approaches to binding standards.

All agreements of IADC are made by consensus, and the voluntary mitigation measures have proven effective in both low and geostationary orbits.

There was general consensus on the need to implement existing conventions and standards in the area of countering money laundering.

Its reliance on voluntary contributions rendered absolutely essential the highest standards of impartiality, transparency and accountability in its management and programmes.

4. Experts recognized that voluntary standards, including the ISO 14001 standard, can have implications for trade, particularly for developing country exports.

Mr. Freeman also suggested that the Voluntary Principles could provide a model for standards in other areas beyond business and security as experience indicated that global standards supported by global processes could succeed.

While there was no consensus on the usefulness of performance requirements, several experts noted the importance of distinguishing between mandatory and voluntary performance requirements.

The State Department of Fisheries has recently undertaken voluntary commitments relating to numerous standards for the exploitation and preservation of marine living resources.

Significantly, a draft risk management tool had been drafted that proposed a series of questions for business, drawing on international standards, including the Voluntary Principles.

Ms. Bader asserted that such voluntary standards were useful for prioritizing issues and providing a framework for analysis for convening dialogue with other parties such as NGOs and security forces and in helping raise standards in an industry.

In the return of refugees to their countries of origin, these standards help to define the conditions for safe and dignified voluntary repatriation and for reintegration.

This requirement, which derives from the precautionary principle as stated in Agenda 21, commits producers to a level of environmental performance well beyond national standards (also standards in voluntary agreements) in order to contribute effectively to the process leading to sustainability.

Rather than criteria, several participants stressed that candidates for membership in the Council should undertake to abide by the highest human rights standards and or make voluntary pledges demonstrating their commitment to improving human rights standards both at the national and international levels.

Debris mitigation measures would be voluntary and it was vitally important therefore to encourage involvement and build consensus so that all would be prepared to abide by the agreed measures.

For industry, this would mean that all companies would have to conform to the standards being set by the limited number of companies currently involved in voluntary initiatives.

3. Paragraph 35 of the United Nations accounting standards states, however, that voluntary contributions to fund specific activities should be recorded only when received (cash basis of accounting).

China will work for a global consensus on climate change. The big question is whether it will be able to impose tougher environmental standards throughout the whole country.

The international human rights system is the broadest set of standards and contractual commitments in existence, the most universal consensus attained by humanity for the defence of human beings.

In accordance with the United Nations system accounting standards (para. 34), a provision may be made as appropriate where the collection of the voluntary contribution so recognized is considered doubtful.

15. According to paragraph 35 of the United Nations System Accounting Standards (A 48 530, annex), voluntary contributions received to fund specific activities are recorded as income only when received.

Such enhanced and diverse contributions, in the framework of a world consensus, could spare the international community any accusation of negligence, double standards or bias towards a single cultural concept.

Schemes can include environmental and social sustainability criteria alongside more traditional quality standards, and may be initiated, run or just supported by Governments Voluntary contributions This is about encouraging tourism enterprises and visitors to support conservation and social projects through voluntary financial donations or other help in kind

Standards. Two standards are proposed.

While it was clearly stated that ISO standards are voluntary tools to be used in the marketplace, concerns were expressed that they may become de facto barriers to developing country exports.

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(d) For all measures, a schedule and a procedure for the establishment and periodic revision of labelling, voluntary agreements, and if necessary or where appropriate mandatory minimum efficiency standards, should be established.

The present Guidelines on Justice for Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime set forth good practice based on the consensus of contemporary knowledge and relevant international and regional norms, standards and principles.

As some minorities were still struggling to preserve their identities, it was important to draw up minimum standards for minorities which could reflect overall consensus and thus be accepted by every country.

17. Internal control standards are separated into two categories general standards and detailed standards.

The laws on abandoned property, in both the Federation and the Republika Srpska, contain provisions which are in contradiction with the Dayton Agreement and international standards, often hindering the right to voluntary return.