That, in turn, indicates a high demographic dependency ratio.

However, China has a smaller proportion of children (22 per cent) than India (29 per cent) and China's dependency ratio, that is to say, the number of children and elderly persons per 10 persons of working age, is 4 compared with India's dependency ratio, which is 6.

However, over the long run, the demographic bonus dissipates as the population continues to age and the dependency ratio rises again because of increasing proportions of elderly persons.

Even more fundamental arithmetic lies at the core of the debt quandary. The tax rate required to fund social welfare benefits depends on three factors the dependency ratio (the ratio of recipients to taxpayers) the replacement rate (the ratio of benefits to average wages) and the economic growth rate (roughly, productivity plus population growth).

According to official data, China s old age dependency ratio the ratio of those aged 65 and up to working age people (aged 15 64) currently stands at 13 . As the one child generation ages adding some ten million retirees annually this ratio will skyrocket, with the labor surplus that supported China s economic miracle giving way to a severe shortage that depresses growth.

The dependency ratio in the developed world is currently under 5 children and elderly persons per 10 adults of working age but it is rising and is expected to reach 7 by 2050.

E. Dependency allowances

B. Dependency allowances

In the secondary schools, all young people were also taught about the dangers of drug addiction and given very full instructions on ways of preventing drug dependency.

Dependency allowances (net per annum)

Dependency allowances (net per annum)

(d) Reduced oil import dependency

The tax rate necessary to fund social spending must equal the ratio of the number of people receiving benefits to the number of taxpayers (the dependency ratio), multiplied by the average benefit relative to the income being taxed (the replacement rate). It was this math that led Mario Draghi, the president of the European Central Bank, to declare that, The European social model has already gone.

With China s trade to GDP ratio and exports to GDP ratio already exceeding 60 and 30 , respectively, the economy cannot continue to depend on external demand to sustain growth. Unfortunately, with a large export sector that employs scores of millions of workers, this dependence has become structural, which implies that to reduce China s trade dependency and trade surplus is much more than a matter of adjusting macroeconomic policy.

(b) The dependency on a small number of donors.

As fertility declines, the proportion of the population comprising children (persons under age 15) also declines, whereas the proportion of the population of working age increases, resulting in a decreasing dependency ratio (defined as the average number of children and elderly persons per 10 persons of working age).

ESCWA region has the highest ratio in the world of new entrants into the labour force per year, with young people constituting an ever greater percentage of those seeking employment.

Preserve Aspect Ratio

Maintain aspect ratio

Maternal mortality ratio

Social exclusion in industrial countries imposes costs throughout society that policymakers must address with effective and targeted measures. Lack of jobs, for example, often leads people, particularly the young, away from work and into dependency on drugs and crime.

Rural urban population ratio

What is today completely impossible get rid of our dependency on fossil energy.

Dependency allowances (net per annum) Language allowances (to be included in pensionable remuneration)

Dependency allowances (net per annum) Language allowances (to be included in pensionable remuneration)

The sex ratio decreases with age.

(b) A positive effect on balance of payments of countries and reduced import dependency

Article 24 The Company shall present the ending balance, beginning balance and percentage increase or decrease of the following financial status indicators asset liability ratio, net asset liability ratio and liquidity ratio in tabular form.

Article 75 The Company shall present the ending balance, beginning balance (prior year) and percentage increase or decrease of the following financial status indicators in tabular form asset liability ratio, net asset liability ratio and liquidity ratio.

Their ratio tells us the water temperature.

Table 4.2 Ratio of pupils by gender ( )

Nationwide, the male female ratio is 0.92.

Also requests the Secretary General to ensure that in all missions the actual ratio of heavy medium vehicles is not greater than the established standard ratio of 1 1 and to justify any departure from this standard ratio

Also requests the Secretary General to ensure that in all missions the actual ratio of heavy medium vehicles is not greater than the established standard ratio of 1 1 and to justify any departure from this standard ratio

Their elevation from political dependency to full self government was fundamental to the regional integration process.

c UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education Sector, Excel File Primary_Secondary_WGE_9802, Worksheets Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), April 2005 and Net Enrolment Ratio (NER), April 2005 .

α Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education Sector, Excel File Primary_Secondary_WGE_9802, Worksheets Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), avr 05 Net Enrolment Ratio (NER), avr 05

China s aging population, an unintended consequence of its draconian one child policy, poses another threat to long term prosperity. With the dependency ratio the proportion of children and pensioners relative to working age men and women set to rise rapidly in the coming years, economic growth will remain subdued, while health care and pension costs will increasingly strain government budgets.

Sub theme 2 The mutual interaction and dependency of science and technology education with research and development

Dopamine, I think, changes our signal to noise ratio.

But if you're going to do anything about the dependency on foreign oil, you have to address transportation.

MINUGUA tried to exercise that role in a way that would not create excessive dependency on the Mission.

In 2001, the average maternal mortality ratio was 121 per 100,000 live births, but in the regions with the worst results, the ratio was over 300 per 100,000.

This model relates the distribution of major ecosystems ( life zones ) to the climate variables of biotemperature, mean precipitation, and the ratio of potential evapotranspiration to precipitation (PET ratio).

In Africa, the ratio is 900 per 100,000. The harsh reality behind these figures is this mothers, very often young, are dying for lack of what most of us take for granted in the twenty first century access to affordable health care.