A wide range of different trends, motivations, drivers, competitiveness gains and policies for OFDI were identified, all of which deserve further attention and in depth analysis.

Preconditions for ensuring development gains include measures aimed at the appropriate sequencing of reform, domestic supply capacity building and increased competitiveness, and universal access by all, especially the poorest, to essential services.

The key to growth is increased competitiveness through higher productivity and lower production costs. In the 1990 s, in the run up to joining the eurozone, Greece achieved substantial gains on this front.

Efficiency gains

Efficiency gains

Recognizing the role that competition policy plays in promoting competitiveness, building entrepreneurship, facilitating market access and entry, enhancing the equity of the international trading system and ensuring that trade liberalization brings about development gains,

Competitiveness Surveys

Most of these economies were suffering a loss of their export markets to low wage Asia. A decade of wage growth exceeding productivity gains led to real appreciation, loss of competitiveness, and large current account deficits.

Climate and Competitiveness

Aggregate competitiveness indicatorb

Does OFDI increase competitiveness of firms and how could competitiveness from OFDI be measured?

Europe s Competitiveness Shell Game

OFDI and enterprise competitiveness

Enhancing productivity and competitiveness

Enterprise competitiveness and development

Enterprise competitiveness and development

Enterprise competitiveness and development

Investment and enterprise competitiveness

Recently, it has been suggested that innovation based competitiveness, at the level of the enterprise, will yield more long term sustainable competitiveness than traditional cost based competitiveness.

J. Efficiency measures and gains

Private and public debt levels are high and possibly unsustainable. After all, the loss of competitiveness that led to large external deficits remains largely unaddressed, while adverse demographic trends, weak productivity gains, and slow implementation of structural reforms depress potential growth.

OFDI and enterprise competitiveness 11

Indian OFDI and SME competitiveness

GLOBALIZATION, COMPETITION, COMPETITIVENESS AND DEVELOPMENT

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Humility often gains more than pride.

(e) Unrealized exchange gains and losses

Gains could be larger than the total gains expected from all the other negotiating items in current WTO negotiations.

Programme Component F.2.2 Competitiveness Surveys

C Investment climate and international competitiveness

C. Investment climate and international competitiveness

C. Investment climate and international competitiveness

To increase businesses' competitiveness and innovation.

Indian OFDI and SME competitiveness 12

1. Technological capacity building and competitiveness

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Stop the treatment, gains the weight back.

After treatment, the child gains significant functionality.

My watch gains one minute a day.

My watch gains five minutes a day.

(d) Evaluation and comparison of transport cost to determine system competitiveness and subsequent impact on traders competitiveness in foreign markets

Programme Component F.2.2 Competitiveness Surveys 83

Service Module 3 Industrial competitiveness and trade

_______________ (2004d). Promoting the export competitiveness of SMEs.

Competitiveness enhancement through quality and productivity improvements.