(a) Obligations stipulated in Article 13 (1)(a) and (b) and liability arising from the breach thereof or limitation of that liability

Article 26Only when the prevailing obligations of a financial liability are relieved in all or in part may the recognition of the financial liability be terminated in all or partly.

The Board was therefore unable to determine the validity of those obligations or to confirm whether any financial liability had been incurred at the time that the obligations were created.

The draft instrument covered, inter alia, the liability and obligations of carriers, electronic commerce, delivery, shipper obligations, and transport documents.

Liability for intentional or reckless behaviour

(b) It directly or indirectly excludes, limits, or increases the liability of the shipper, consignor, consignee, controlling party, holder, or person referred to in Article 31 for breach of any of their obligations under Chapter 7.

3 failure to discharge due liability or

a stock company with limited liability or

Questions were raised concerning the nature of the liability of the certification authority, in particular whether such liability would be based on negligence or whether it would be defined as strict liability , a notion which was also referred to as objective liability or no fault liability .

Channelling liability to a single entity, whether operator or owner, was the hallmark of strict liability regimes.

Such liability may be criminal, civil or administrative.

A strict liability that covers most of the obligations in article 30 would put too much burden on the shipper, taking into account that the carrier's liability is based on negligence.

Secondly, that liability regime should include the imposition of liability on the operator or, where appropriate, other person or entity, without requiring proof of fault.

2. These measures should include the imposition of liability on the operator or, where appropriate, other person or entity. Such liability should not require proof of fault. Any conditions, limitations or exceptions to such liability shall be consistent with draft principle 3.

Where an enterprise makes substantial revisions to some or all of the contractual stipulations of the existing financial liability, it shall terminated the recognition of the existing financial liability or part of it, and at the same time recognize the financial liability after revising the contractual stipulations as a new financial liability.

Wide support was expressed for the suggestion to complement the reference to the liability of the carrier with a reference to its obligations.

Article 13The post amortization cost of a financial asset or financial liability refers to the following result after adjustment of the initially recognized amount of the financial asset or financial liability

In effect, pursuant to paragraph (a), the carrier was prohibited from redefining its obligations under the draft instrument by excluding or limiting them, while paragraph (b) prevented the carrier from excluding or limiting its liability for breaching an obligation under the draft instrument.

What could be added are one or more provisions setting out the standard of liability of the carrier and shipper if one of these is in breach of any of its obligations in respect of delivery.

Variant Y The ... the enacting State specifies the organ or authority competent to promulgate liability regulations may promulgate regulations on the liability of certification authorities.

Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who were the perpetrators of the offences or of their accomplices.

3. Such liability shall be incurred without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who have committed the offences or of their accomplices.

(b) Should the draft Convention extend the provision on shipper's liability in paragraph 31(1) (previously 29(1)) to a breach of any of the shipper's obligations under the draft Convention that should apply to the extent that the shipper's liability is not dealt with otherwise, or should this matter be left to national law?

In Denmark, a judge was not required to report any debt or liability.

Finland suggested that article 3 should also refer to civil or administrative liability.

Property insurance business which includes insurance against loss or damage to property, liability insurance and credit insurance or

Liability

The reasons for this are that the chapter regulates the obligations of the shipper and that this specific obligation is already covered by the general provisions on carrier obligations and liability set out elsewhere in the draft convention.

States Parties that have not yet done so are invited either to accede to the Vienna Conventions or Paris and Brussels Conventions on civil nuclear liability or to introduce national legislation on civil nuclear liability.

Paragraph 2 then modifies the paragraph 1 by saying that for breach of its obligations under paragraphs 30 (b) and (c), the shipper has strict liability.

U.S. Law of War obligations are national obligations, binding upon every soldier, sailor, airman, or Marine.

1. Reporting obligations on personal debts or liabilities

Savings on or cancellation of prior period obligations

Savings on or cancellations of prior period obligations

Savings on, or cancellation of, prior periods obligations

In relation to article 57(4), it has been discussed whether the liability for failure by the carrier to comply with instructions given should be strict and unlimited or, whether on a true construction of the provision, the liability was a due diligence liability in the same way as liability for loss of or damage to cargo, and also limited in the same way.

Where the future cash flow or term of existence of a financial asset or financial liability cannot be predicted reliably, the contractual cash flow of the financial asset or financial liability for the whole term of the contract shall be taken into account.

Similarly, it has been proposed that the obligations of the shipper, which are much more extensive and detailed than under existing maritime liability regimes, shall be mandatory.

The concept of fraud includes all actions intended to reduce tax liability or evade taxation.

Liability insurance

Liability Accounts

Liability accounts

In some cases, such liability extends to liability for environmental damage.

(a) Should the draft Convention include a general provision relating to the carrier's liability for a breach of any of its obligations under the draft Convention that should apply to the extent that its liability is not already dealt with (such as in Chapter 6 (previously 5) and article 53 (previously 52)) or should this matter be left to national law?

It was stated that the issue of liability of certification authorities involved two different types of liability a structural liability, which resulted from the breach by the certification authority of its terms of operation, and a transactional liability, which resulted from the certification authority apos s actions in issuing, suspending or revoking a certificate.