But there is another explanation for China s excessive export dependence, one that has more to do with the country s poor political and economic institutions. Specifically, export dependence partly reflects the high degree of difficulty of doing business in China.

Real dependence on this person.

Dependence will decline as the international trade regime improves.

Energy dependence was a major source of economic vulnerability.

This damages European exports to both the US and Asia. Reduced European dependence on the US export market can hardly protect Europe from the effects of the US economic slowdown if the euro appreciates as much against the key Asian currencies as it has against the dollar.

This external dependence increases their vulnerability to external economic threats and shocks.

It's increased our dependence on foreign oil despite the gains in fuel efficiency.

More political education was needed to break the psychology and culture of dependence.

The economy remained weak, however, with dependence on a few commodities, including vanilla.

Competition in fund raising is obviously accentuated by the dependence on supplementary funding.

File Export...

Flash Export

Shwup Export

Export Licensing

Export notification

Export consortia.

Export control

Export Procedures

Export notifications

With regard to weapons export, Tunisia does not manufacture weapons and so does not export them, nor does it import weapons for export.

To urge Parties that export or re export ozone depleting substances to seek information from the importing country on the import license prior to issuing export or re export license for the shipment concerned

But exchange rates do affect the pattern of growth, and it is in China s own interest to restructure and move away from high dependence on export led growth. China recognizes that its currency needs to appreciate over the long run, and politicizing the speed at which it does so has been counterproductive.

We are convinced that Africa's dependence on aid will diminish as growth prospects improve.

UNCTAD presented a paper on Africa's trade performance and commodity dependence at the workshop.

As export and outsourcing opportunities increasingly depend on satisfying security regulations in export destinations, undemanding domestic regulation hinders technology or the outsourcing of export development.

Remote Gallery Export

Where's our export?

Convicts for Export

Export Controls Assistance

Export import codification

Developing and developed countries differ in their use of export subsidies, the former tending to rely on a more selective approach and the latter tending to use, inter alia, export promotion regimes, export financing and export guarantees.

Export duties are in the form of export tariff rate, and temporary tariff rate may be applied to export goods within a specified period of time.

Thereafter, the export notification must be provided before the first export in any calendar year.

A moment of truth is slowly approaching. Much of the world is working to reduce its dependence on volatile or unsavory energy suppliers by adopting new technologies such as hydraulic fracturing and increasing purchases from places like Australia, Norway, Qatar, and the United States, which has eased restrictions on the export of natural resources.

This world summit recognizes that our globe is one of shared dependence and shared opportunity.

Accordingly, an individual or general export licence is required for any export of a controlled item.

Germany s Pathological Export Boom

Export Controls Legal Regime

Import export trade 170

Strengthened export control measures

(ii) Pport of export

As oil prices rise, these countries dependence on the oil sector increases, despite all efforts to diversify their economies. To combat the impact of such dependence, they spend oil revenues on other sectors, leaving the oil sector with little investment.

Specifically, export dependence partly reflects the high degree of difficulty of doing business in China. Official corruption, insecure property rights, stifling regulatory restraints, weak payment discipline, poor logistics and distribution, widespread counterfeiting, and vulnerability to other forms of intellectual property theft all of these obstacles increase transaction costs and make it difficult for entrepreneurs to thrive in domestic markets.

Given their structural weaknesses, small domestic markets and dependence on imports for capacity utilization and accumulation, the extent to which poor countries can generate the required resources to stimulate growth and tackle poverty still depends very much on how far they can translate their unexploited natural resources and surplus labour into export earnings, imports and investment.

See UNCTAD, Economic Development in Africa Trade Performance and Commodity Dependence (United Nations publication, Sales No.