Action must begin with investment or with an intraregional treaty that affords extraterritorial rights and protection for regional capital and labour.

This treaty improved the investment climate and encouraged investment.

A delegation noted that, under the UNCTAD least developed countries (LDC) programme, Benin had signed a bilateral treaty for investment promotion and protection.

These changes have increased the complexity of the international investment regime, and should broaden interest in developing a more effective investment protection framework. But just the opposite is happening a progressive weakening of protection, with states increasingly flouting their treaty obligations and skirting or ignoring the outcomes of international dispute resolution proceedings.

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

According to another view, draft article 18 seemed contrary to the Commission's original intention of giving precedence to special treaty provisions, such as those contained in investment protection treaties, over the draft articles.

Treaties like investment protection agreements may not be suspended, given that their purpose is the mutual protection of national of the parties ).

In particular, many LDCs had recently established investment promotion agencies and were entering into bilateral, regional and interregional agreements for the protection and promotion of investment.

Investment protection depended on a functioning international arbitration system that would be perceived as fair and equitable.

Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1456, No. 24631).

The cumulative total of all known cases brought under bilateral, regional (e.g. NAFTA) or plurilateral (e.g. Energy Charter Treaty) agreements that contain investment clauses, or international investment agreements (IIAs), is now 160.

Mention was made of South East Asian treaty practice, which allowed host States to regulate appropriate forms of foreign investment.

The exclusion of the application of the draft articles where, and to the extent that, they are inconsistent with special treaty provisions was considered unclear, particularly as to whether it required that the treaty specifically exclude resort to the exercise of diplomatic protection or merely that such protection was incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty.

In addition, it has further strengthened cooperation with the Antarctic Treaty parties, through participating as an observer in the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings and the meetings of the Committee for Environmental Protection, and assisting the newly established Antarctic Treaty secretariat.

The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the Madrid Protocol) entered into force on 14 January 1998.

Vincent, 11 TTR 210 (Ont. Ct. App. 1993) (choosing to deny protection of the treaty through a reading of the treaty language itself rather than ruling on the effect of armed conflict on treaties).

The existence of an armed conflict does not entitle a party unilaterally to terminate or to suspend the operation of treaty provisions relating to the protection of the human person, unless the treaty otherwise provides.

It was also questioned whether the provision of special protection for shareholders would not in fact protect the investment rather than the national.

Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972, United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 1037, No. 15511, p. 151.

The upcoming start of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership talks offer a key opportunity to advance the cause of stronger investment protection. As the two largest sources and destinations for foreign investment, accounting for a combined 56 of global FDI outflows and 42 of inflows, the US and EU have a particular interest in ensuring a well functioning international investment regime.

(d) It is imperative to develop policies outlining the standards of the Investment Management Service that specifically focus on portfolio management and trading practices, independent pricing and valuation of portfolio securities, safety and custody of assets, disclosure to Fund participants, disclosure of potential conflicts of interest, privacy protection, protection of non public information, business continuity and standards of ethical behaviour for investment staff

Governments may be able to mobilize funding through debt swaps, where donors exchange debt for local currency investment in environmental protection, such as waste water treatment.

Protocol VIII on Competition Policy, Consumer Protection, Dumping and Subsidies, amending the Treaty Establishing the Caribbean Community (Chaguaramas, 4 July 1973 and 14 March 2000).

Recalling the extensive work, reports and resolutions adopted by the Commission and human rights treaty bodies on issues relevant to environmental protection and sustainable development,

Bonilla Garcia, A. and J. V. Gruat (2003). Social Protection A Life Cycle Continuum Investment for Social Justice, Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development. Geneva International Labour Office.

She also had an opportunity to interact with other Special Rapporteurs and other treaty bodies at the Meetings of Chairpersons of Human Rights Treaty Bodies but such interaction was at a very general level, and she stressed the need for some direct investment in collaboration mechanisms.

6 A. Bonilla Garcia and J. V. Gruat, Social Protection A Life Cycle Continuum Investment for Social Justice, Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development (Geneva, International Labour Office, 2003).

Support the annual treaty event and encourage any Government that has not done so to agree to ratify and implement all treaties relating to the protection of civilians

The cumulative number of treaty based cases brought before the World Bank Group's International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) rose from three at year end 1994 to 106 in November 2004.

The present draft articles do not apply to the extent that they are inconsistent with special rules of international law, such as treaty provisions for the protection of investments.

The Framework document outlines financial investment targets for each area health and nutrition are to double and investments in basic education, child protection and HIV AIDS are to quadruple by 2005.

The Government of Azerbaijan reported on national laws, rules and regulations that have promoted poverty reduction, investment liberalization, protection of the environment, the right to culture and the right to education.

Furthermore, China had concluded an agreement for the promotion and protection of investment with 25 African countries and for the avoidance of double taxation and prevention of tax evasion with eight others.

Recalling the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, adopted at The Hague on 14 May 1954,United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 249, No. 3511.

An investment in youth is an investment in the future.

Investment promotion The Advisory Service on Investment and Training (ASIT)

Section II provides information on developments in the United Nations human rights regime, including information concerning the work of other treaty bodies, the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, the General Assembly, and the proposals by the Secretary General for the reform of human rights treaty bodies.

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, opened for signature 12 December 1977, art. 1 (2), 1125 United Nations Treaty Series 3 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non International Armed Conflicts, opened for signature 12 December 1977, preamble, para. 4, 1125 United Nations Treaty Series 609.

The United Nations Convention against Corruption (General Assembly resolution 58 4, annex) follows the trend of containing strong treaty provisions on victims (see article 32, entitled Protection of witnesses, experts and victims ).

Mr. Darmawan Djajusman, Director of Investment Deregulation, Investment Coordinating Board, Indonesia

Thus, specific measures should incorporate the informal sector in social protection programmes and promote job creation by directing investment to productive and labour intensive sectors, in addition to encouraging small and medium sized enterprises.

While it was pointed out that there was no causal connection between international investment agreements (IIAs) and attracting FDI, it was nevertheless emphasized that the protection of investors would encourage the flow of investments.

The Antarctic Treaty, negotiated in 1959, prohibits any and all military activities in Antarctica and forbids the establishment of any borders. Three agreements the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972), the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR, 1980), and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (PEP, 1991), which prohibits any activity relating to mineral resources have since been added to the treaty.

The investment policy reviews and investment guides produced by UNCTAD had been valuable in improving the investment policy environment in those countries.

The investment policy reviews and investment guides produced by UNCTAD had been valuable in improving the investment policy environment in those countries.