The deleveraging of governments, financial institutions, and households is one major cause of the sluggish economic recovery. But sluggish growth means less tax revenue and more demands for payments to cushion hardship, placing pressure on government budgets.

Japan recorded its highest annual growth rate since 1996, whereas the European Union recovery remained sluggish.

that you won't be sluggish, but imitators of those who through faith and patience inherited the promises.

that you won't be sluggish, but imitators of those who through faith and patience inherited the promises.

Worse, in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, sluggish growth and high unemployment in developed countries have fueled demands for more protectionism. Thus, the financial liberalization of the 1990 s and early 2000 s is also under threat.

The adjustment mechanism usually provided by exchange rate movements could instead be delivered by wage changes. It is only in more sluggish industrial economies, where wages are assumed to be inflexible, that policymakers advocate exchange rate movements as a means to overcome wage stickiness.

But much of this discussion is merely a form of political correctness. It is more reassuring and feels better to tell Europeans that growth is sluggish because society is not sufficiently knowledge based, rather than pointing to the trade off between vacations and growth.

The Bank of England has warned economic growth will remain sluggish as it kept interest rates on hold amid a tightening squeeze on family incomes.

These setbacks are hardly a coincidence. Persistent sluggish growth throughout the developed world has left major economies unusually vulnerable to the inevitable bumps in the road.

This is reflected in the persistently sluggish recovery in the advanced economies today. Even the United States, which has fared better than most since the crisis, has recorded GDP growth of little more than 10 since the start of 2008 over the same period, China s economy grew by about 66 .

Overgenerous social welfare payments create disincentives to work, hire, invest, and grow. Chronic sluggish growth is insufficient to create opportunities for the continent's masses of unemployed and underemployed young people.

That is why the completion of the ECB s comprehensive assessment of banks balance sheets and the start of Europe wide banking supervision will help revitalize sluggish lending in the euro area. In particular, increased clarity and transparency about banks balance sheets, together with a better capitalized banking sector, will create a more supportive lending environment.

Whoever wins will face an economy growing at a sluggish 2 or less next year, with a nagging risk of stalling completely. Unemployment will still be far too high, and almost half of it will be hard to solve, long term joblessness and even more if we count (as we should) the millions of Americans who have dropped out of the labor force.

Far more disconcerting is the willingness of major central banks not just the Fed, but also the European Central Bank, the Bank of England, and the Bank of Japan to inject massive amounts of excess liquidity into asset markets excesses that cannot be absorbed by sluggish real economies. That puts central banks in the destabilizing position of abdicating control over financial markets.

Sluggish exports mean slow growth, which in turn places limits on social mobility and the expansion of an entrepreneurial middle class. That helps preserve the political power of entrenched veto wielding players, closing the trap.

In minutes of the rates decision, the Bank said In the MPC's central forecast, gross domestic product (GDP) remains sluggish in the near term as the squeeze on households' real incomes continues to weigh on consumption.

That is especially true when growth falls below 1 , leaving a thin margin between expansion and contraction. Such sluggish performance is the economic equivalent of stall speed the heightened vulnerability that aircrafts can encounter at low velocity.

The root cause of Germany s sluggish economic performance in recent years is the continuing unwillingness of its households and enterprises to consume and invest. And it is difficult to see what the government can do about this.

BARCELONA In recent months, the dichotomy between booming financial markets, on the one hand, and sluggish economies and dysfunctional politics, on the other, has loomed large. Yet insufficient attention is being devoted to a critical factor time, and who controls it that could well mean the difference between an orderly global resolution of today s growing inconsistencies and a return to a more troubled phase.

But meeting the challenge will require vigorous growth from America s other 30 especially private capital spending. With the American consumer likely to remain on ice, the same 30 must also continue to shoulder the burden of a sluggish economic recovery.

When international funds are available, this produces short lived booms and large current account deficits, financed by heavy external borrowing. When international liquidity dries up, as it often does for Brazil and Latin America, weak domestic investment and sluggish growth follow.

Now China has to figure out a way to sustain growth when demand in the rest of the world is sluggish. A return to a substantially undervalued exchange rate would almost certainly provoke an international response, including from the US Congress.

Chinese policymakers should bear in mind that the value of the yuan is only one among many factors that affects the competitiveness of China s economy. After all, a currency can appreciate while an economy is sluggish, or depreciate despite robust growth.

And nothing hinders their spendings being accepted from them, except that they disbelieve in Allah and in His Apostle and they do not come to prayer but while they are sluggish, and they do not spend but while they are unwilling.

And nothing hinders their spendings being accepted from them, except that they disbelieve in Allah and in His Apostle and they do not come to prayer but while they are sluggish, and they do not spend but while they are unwilling.

Unfortunately, since the debt crisis in early 1980, the external environment of African countries had experienced a rapid deterioration, with major blows to manufacturing industries, sluggish investment, an increasing debt burden, limited improvement of infrastructure, product diversification and income growth.

By contrast, many emerging economies, highly dependent on commodity export earnings, have been stressed by the commodity price reset, sluggish growth in developed economies, and slower growth in China. Capital flight would materially add to their plight in some cases disastrously so.

Concerns have been raised about the influx of cheap labor. But average GDP growth rates in the new members are twice as high as in the original members, and this can provide a welcome stimulus to stagnant labor markets and sluggish economies.

One reason that Indian prices are rising is that infrastructure growth remains sluggish. Progress on roads, railways, and power projects all of which could prevent food from perishing prematurely, and energy and commodities from being unnecessarily wasted is essential to stabilizing prices.

Inflation in the euro area was then slightly above 2 . Given the movements in the euro s exchange rate in previous months and sluggish growth in the euro area, we expected that inflation rates would decline, but only to levels close to 2 .

Like Brazil, India experienced a spurt of output growth after liberalizing its economy in the 1990 s indeed, until a few years ago, GDP growth was approaching Chinese style rates. This year, however, output is expected to rise by a relatively sluggish 5.9 .

In order to avoid such an outcome, Li must adapt China s growth model to current conditions, which include intensifying trade friction with the European Union and the United States, greater pressure to allow the renminbi to appreciate, an aging population, slowing urbanization, and rising labor costs. The new normal that has emerged from the global financial crisis, characterized by sluggish GDP growth and diminished import demand in the West, makes reform even more urgent.

Though they will not oppose reforms outright, they will continue to procrastinate and spread fear about economic instability and social tension to prevent changes that threaten to diminish their status and prerogatives. Unless and until China s top leaders overcome such resistance, progress on reform will remain sluggish.

To strengthen public accounts, both conservatives and progressives should start promoting a long term balance sheet oriented approach to policymaking, ensuring that the debates are based on relevant data. Otherwise, the wrong policies and, with them, anemic GDP growth and sluggish job creation will continue to prevail.

Each of these six factors suggests actual and potential economic healing. So, not surprisingly, they have provoked excitement in some circles that the US may finally be poised to leave behind the depressing trio of unusually sluggish growth, persistently high unemployment, and high and growing inequality.

For example, segmented production for global supply chains has stimulated trade in intermediate goods and promoted foreign direct investment. Now, however, closer economic integration means that sluggish growth in China and India will reduce job opportunities and slow the rate of poverty reduction throughout the region.

A little over two months ago, the proportion of tickets sold lingered at 32 for the PyeongChang Winter Olympics, and a mere 4.3 for the Winter Paralympics. The sluggish ticket sales caused concern among the outside world about the popularity of the PyeongChang Winter Olympics at one point.

Traditional industries saw a general decline in performance, and even incurred losses. The raw material industry, and the heavy machinery and equipment manufacturing sector saw performance decline significantly, and even incurred losses. These were the first signs from the industries in Northeast China amid the current sluggish economy.

Employment in the US is growing, but the rate of workforce participation remains subdued and the economy has yet to attain the 6 7 growth rates usually recorded in a post recession rebound. The US, Europe, and Japan are likely to experience continued sluggish performance, inhibiting China s export growth.

In 2002, the transport sector saw a revival of river transport and a marked increase in the volume of road freight, while air freight, which had begun to decline several years earlier, continued its downward trend, owing to its prohibitive cost, weak purchasing power and a sluggish domestic economy.

That reveals how much the country has changed in the last four decades, and how large and influential its middle class has become. It was precisely that middle class, fed up with allegations of corruption and a sluggish economy, that turned against the ruling Workers Party (PT) and voted for change.

That is why it is essential to determine, prior to any effort to boost investment, whether sluggish growth in Europe reflects abnormally low capital formation. The data suggest that it does from 2007 to 2013, investment has fallen by 18 in the EU, compared to just 6 in the United States.

Of course, exports have also slowed, given sluggish growth in the rest of the world. Commodity exporters such as Australia, Indonesia, and Brazil have already felt the effects of slowing Chinese growth, as have countries, such as Germany and Switzerland, that depend on satisfying China s voracious demand for capital intensive goods.

The world s largest economy, the United States, expanded by 3.2 , and growth also recovered in previously sluggish Japan and Europe. These trends are remarkable in light of the shocks from the surge in oil prices, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, international terrorism, and the breakdown of multilateral trade negotiations.

On the demand side, the ongoing economic slowdown in China is starting to affect companies orders and revenues, adding to the challenges stemming from the persistently sluggish US economy. Meanwhile, the euro s recent appreciation (particularly against the Japanese yen) limits Europe s ability to compensate for anemic global demand by capturing greater market share.